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,in its own right
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Captain James Stirling
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In 1865, Van Deimens Land's name was changed to Tasmania and it had its own governor. It was concerned that its small size and population would mean it was dominated by the larger states.
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On 8 June 1857, about 20 Europeans attacked the Chinese: beating them up, stealing their belongings and gold, burning their tents, and throwing them off their claims. The men were arrested and charged with offences against the Chinese. They were found guilty and sentenced to hard labour.
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Queensland was separated from New South Wales in 1859. It brought in Pacific Islanders to work on its sugar cane plantations, while all other states opposed non-European migration.
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In the 1860s the Queensland colonial government found a new source of cheap labour in the islands of the South Pacific. At first, young men (and sometimes boys as young as nine) were brought from the New Hebrides and Fiji, and later from other islands in the South Pacific. Some may have been encouraged to come by promises of guns or money, but others were coerced or tricked. Irrespective of where they came from, they were given the derogatory name ‘kanakas’.
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In the period from 1860 to 1890, conditions improved for many Australian workers. Some of the factors involved in this increased prosperity were: - increased wealth as a consequence of the gold rushes - investment of this wealth in property and industries - greater demand for goods and food because of the population increase - more efficient farming methods, including the use of mechanical equipment.
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Through a series of changes in various states, Indigenous Australians gained or regained the right to vote, until by 1965 they had voting rights in all state and federal elections.
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The two sections of the Constitution that restricted federal power to legislate for Aboriginal Australians and prevented them from being counted in the census were removed by a referendum held in 1967.