Significant Events in Australia during the 18th and 19th Century By tomtheawesome Period: Jan 1, 1770 to Jan 1, 1901 Significant Australian Events Apr 29, 1770 Captain cook discovered Australia Jan 1, 1787 Eleven ships containing convicts set sail for Australia Jan 1, 1788 First Fleet arrives in Australia Jan 1, 1816 the first bank (Bank of NSW) is established Jan 1, 1817 The term Australia begins to be used in everyday speech Jan 1, 1851 The discovery of gold in NSW and Victoria Feb 11, 1854 The Eureka stockade Jan 1, 1868 The end of convict transportation from England