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Settlement of the West
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Homestead Act
Offered free land to any person over 21, including free blacks, who was willing to complete the following three steps: file an application, improve the land, and file for deed of title. The person had to live on the land for five years or more and show the improvements they made in order to acquire the land. The labor put into the land was in exchange for what the land would have actually cost. -
Sand Creek Massacre
As a result of Pike's Peak Gold Rush, many tribes were forced to sign treaties giving up most of their land; nearly all of the tribes moved to Sand Creek inorder to be closer to U.S. soldiers at Ft. Lyon. Miscommunications, combined with the hostile army of U.S. soldiers, led to an attack on the Native Americans at Sand Creek by militia Colonel John Chivington and his troops on November 29, 1864. This attack killed over 150 Native Americans. -
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Farming Boom
Farmers flooded into the Great Planes created huge bonanza farms of tens of 1000s of acres in the area between Mississippi River & Rocky Mountians from Dakota to Texas where there is treeless, flat, fertile, grassy farmland -
Custer's Last Stand/ Battle of Little Big Horn
Colonel George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry, who had been assigned the task of stopping Native American attacks. The 7th Cavalry met their greatest battel yet from the Native American coalition at Little Big Horn River. Led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, the Native American warriors destroyed Custer's troops using arrows, spears, and rifles. Custer and the entire 7th Cavalry died and the Battle of Little Big Horn came to be known as Custer's Last Stand. -
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Education of Native Americans
Indian schools were another attempt to assimilate Native Americans. From the 1880s to the 1920s, federal policy required that some Native American children be removed from their families. The children would be enrolled in a government-run day school or boarding school. The goal was to immerse young Native Americans in the ways of the dominant culture. This was best done while keeping them away from all aspects of Native American culture, such as the tribes, land, and language. -
The Dawes Act of 1887
The Dawes Act was a law designed to assimilate Native Americans by dividing up tribal reservation land then giving it individuals who would become farmers.he act was designed to make independent farmers out of Native Americans by giving them land that was formerly part of their reservations. Each head of household received 160 acres, and each unmarried adult male received 80 acres. -
GHOST DANCE MOVEMENT
One last show of Inidan risitance
Popular militant Indn religious movement
Preached rejecting white ways, esp alcohol & reaffirming Indn culture
Many believed “Ghost Shirts” protected them from evil & white man’s bullets
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Oklahoma Territory Land Rush
The US Government offered 2 million acers of formerly Indian Land in Oklahoma to whites, which resluted in a stampede of white homesteaders. This led to the Iinidans who had been removed in the "Trail of Tears" to be forced off thier land once again.
