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Roberts VS Boston
Roberts v. City of Boston was a were, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that segregated schools went against the constitution. Benjamin Roberts a parent, filed against Boston for not letting his daughter attend a school because of her race. They won but discrimination/segregation was still still more to come.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_v._City_of_Boston#:~:text=(5%20Cush.),Supreme%20Court%20in%20Plessy%20v. -
Dred Scott Decision
The Dred Scott Decision of 1857 was a pivotal moment in history, the Supreme Court ruled that people of African descent, free or enslaved, were not considered citizens and therefore could not sue. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney said that the Founding Fathers never intended African Americans to be seen as citizens. This decision was firm between Northern abolitionists and Southern slaveholders, ended up into the civil war.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Dred-Scott-decision -
Jim crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were a set of state and local statutes enacted in the United States primarily in the South from the late 19th century through the 1960s, enforcing racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. These laws mandated separate public facilities, such as schools, transportation, and restrooms, racial inequality.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws#:~:text=In%20practice%2C%20Jim%20Crow%20laws,others%2C%20beginning%20in%20the%201870s. -
Plessy VS Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in 1896 that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing states to enforce segregation laws. The decision had far-reaching consequences, legitimizing racial segregation and paving the way for decades of institutionalized discrimination until it was eventually overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson -
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Brown VS The Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a historic 1954 United States Supreme Court case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson. This landmark decision marked a significant victory for the civil rights movement and set the stage for desegregation efforts across the United States.
https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/brown-v-board-of-education -
Civil rights act of 1964/Title IV
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, specifically Title IV, prohibited discrimination in public schools based on race, color, sex, or national origin. This pivotal legislation aimed to combat segregation and ensure equal access to education for all Americans, marking a significant milestone in the struggle for civil rights.
https://www.findlaw.com/civilrights/discrimination/title-iv-of-the-civil-rights-act-of-1964-desegregation-of-public.html