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Moving from area to area. Happened in U.S. 11,000 years ago. Immigrants went across Bering Strait.
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Magna Carta was the first document imposed upon a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights.
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The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from roughly the fourteenth through the middle of the seventeenth centuries, based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome.
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Used in 1400's. Used for building houses. Used by native Americans. Used because it was sturdy.
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The Northwest Passage is a sea route connecting the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
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Infante Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu, better known as Henry the Navigator was an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire.
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A joint-stock company is a business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by his or her shares (certificates of ownership).
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The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.
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Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.
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a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century
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The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England from all Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.
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African slaves were thereafter traded for raw materials, which were returned to Europe to complete the "Triangular Trade". The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
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the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.
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was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers who began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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, otherwise spelled as a number of variant spellings including Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma and referred to in full by early Nahuatl texts as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (Moctezuma the Young),[N.B. 1] was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520. The first contact between indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign, and he was killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, when Conquistador Hernán Cortés a
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John Smith, Admiral of New England, was an English soldier, explorer, and author. He was knighted for his services to Sigismund Bathory, Prince of Transylvania, and his friend Mózes Székely
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(in Latin America) a man of mixed race, especially the offspring of a Spaniard and an American Indian.
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Salutary neglect is an American history term that refers to an unofficial and long-term 17th & 18th-century British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England.
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With its origin in the first meeting of the Virginia General Assembly at Jamestown in July 1619, the House of Burgesses was the first democratically-elected legislative body in the British American colonies.
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The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by separatist Congregationalists who called themselves "Saints". Later they were referred to as Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers. They were fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England.
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William Penn was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and founder of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
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Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley
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is a legal action or writ by means of which detainees can seek relief from unlawful imprisonment.
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On 4 November 1688 William arrived at Torbay, England and, when he landed the next day, at Brixham, James fled to France: in February 1689 the Glorious Revolution formally changed England's monarch, but many Catholics, Episcopalians and Tory royalists still supported James as the constitutionally legitimate monarch
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A cash crop is an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit. It is typically purchased by parties separate from a farm. The term cash crop is applied exclusively to the agricultural production of plants; animal agriculture is not a part of the terminology.
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Indentured servitude was a labor system where people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a certain number of years. It was widely employed in the 18th century in the British colonies in North America and elsewhere.
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The term Great Awakening can refer to several periods of religious revival in American religious history. Historians and theologians identify three or four waves of increased eligious enthusiasm occurring between the early 18th century and the late 19th century.
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The Cabinet of the United States is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, who are generally the heads of the federal executive departments.
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a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. British put this on tea and other good for U.S.A.
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The five Iroquois nations, characterizing themselves as “the people of the longhouse,” were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. After the Tuscarora joined in 1722, the confederacy became known to the English as the Six Nations and was recognized as such at Albany, New York
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John Jay was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, signer of the Treaty of Paris, and first Chief Justice of the United States
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a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith. -
United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)
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was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). He was born near the end of the colonial era, somewhere near the then-unmarked border between North and South Carolina, into a recently immigrated Scots-Irish farming family of relatively modest means. During the American Revolutionary War Jackson, whose family supported the revolutionary cause, acted as a courier
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Native American residency in San Francisco. U.s. took it over in 1846. Now a reservation
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He promoted the American System and contributed a great deal in making America a better economy.
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After considerable debate and alteration, the Articles of Confederation were adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777. This document served as the United States' first constitution, and was in force from March 1, 1781, until 1789 when the present day Constitution went into effect.
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Eli Whitney demonstrated the first making of interchangeable parts that are exactly alike and can be interchangeable with others. They allowed muskets to work better but still be the same function as before.
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Limited government is a principle of classical liberalism, free market libertarianism, and some tendencies of liberalism and conservatism in the United States. A constitutionally limited government is a system of government that is bound to certain principles of action by a state constitution.
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an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.
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counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.
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Favored by John Adams who wanted the federal government to have all the power. Government that is extremely centralized.
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Judicial review is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary. A court with judicial review power may invalidate laws and decisions that are incompatible with a higher authority, such as the terms of a written constitution.
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favored by people wanting more constitutional flexibility like Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Allows state governments to have more freedom
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Shays' Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt.
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The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman's Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution
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The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ordinance or The Ordinance of 1787) was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States (the Confederation Congress), passed July 13, 1787. The ordinance created the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands beyond the Appalachian Mountains, between British Canada and the GLs
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The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written (under the pseudonym Publius) by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution. Seventy-seven were published serially in The Independent Journal and The New York Packet between October 1787 and August 1788
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Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
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The United States of America created a religious movement revivals to show the idea that making money and practicing religion weren't exclusive
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The Whiskey Rebellion, also known as the Whiskey Insurrection, was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791, during the presidency of George Washington. The so-called "whiskey tax" was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government.
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Promoted by Henry clay, this hoped to unite the regions to make them stronger. This was made to make a strong stable economy that could be self sufficient.
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Invented by Eli Whitney to make the production of cotton easier and more efficient. This set the South on a different course of development than the North.
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Dred Scott was an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as the "Dred Scott" Decision.
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A state that refused to recognize an act of Congress. These acts were considered unconstitutional.
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The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills that were passed by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798, the result of the French Revolution and during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War.
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Born into slavery in 1800, he was chosen to lead people out of bandage. Got captured by state and federal troops after killing almost 60 white inhabitants.
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A bicameral legislature is one in which the legislators are divided into two separate assemblies, chambers or houses. It might be two parliament chambers.
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The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century enslaved people of African descent in the United States in efforts to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause.
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Some of optimistic religious and social reforms experimentalists groups tried to make an ideal place.
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Franklin Pierce authorized his embassy to pay Mexico additional 60 million for another piece of territory South of the Gila River. This allowed the US to acquire more land from Mexico.
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Joined the social reform by personal experience and discovered jails. Housed mentally ill people then decided to persuade states to open up mental hospitals.
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The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.
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Most radical and white abolitionist took part in religious reform movements and started his own paper “The Liberator”.
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One of the most impressive projects linking the Hudson river to Lake Erie. It was a canal stretching over 363 miles and took 8 years to make. It was a shorter route from point A to point B
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War Hawk, in U.S. history, any of the expansionists primarily composed of young Southerners and Westerners elected to the U.S. Congress in 1810, whose territorial ambitions in the Northwest and Florida inspired them to agitate for war with Great Britain. The War Hawks, who included such future political leaders as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, fiercely and aggressively resented American economic injuries and national humiliation during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Harriet Elisabeth Beecher Stowe was an American abolitionist and author. She came from a famous religious family and is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. It depicts the harsh life for African Americans under slavery
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Impressment, colloquially, "the press" or the "press gang", refers to the act of taking men into a navy by force and with or without notice. Navies of several nations used forced recruitment by various means.
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The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 – January 5, 1815 in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. Despite radical outcries among Federalists for New England secession and a separate peace with Great Britain, moderates outnumbered them and extreme proposals were not a major
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The Treaty of Ghent (8 Stat. 218), signed on December 24, 1814 in the city of Ghent, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom.
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Held a woman’s right movement with Matt given women the first look at quality.
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A woman’s right convention by Lickelta Malt and Elizabeth Stanton.
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Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.
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Led by Henry Clay, it was a temporary solution of the crisis with a feries of agreements collectively called the Missouri compromise This was a big fix to agreements setting aside to find a permanent fix.
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President Monroe wrote this in 1823 making a warning to all outsiders of power not to interfere in the west. This helped keep America independent.
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Referred to by John C. Calhoun, it was an agricultural region dependent on cotton. It was important because this region competed with the South in the world market.
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Passed by Congress. It moved the Indians West so America could take more land. This moved the Indians and payed them off so they wouldn't fight it.
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Created by Andrew Jackson, it was a form of democracy in the mid 1800’s that created the beliefs around Andrew Jackson. This provided a group who agreed with Jackson close to power.
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A movement to outlaw slavery given by preachers like Finney. Abolitionists anted to end slavery.
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The territory of Texas that had their own army and navy and proudly flew their new flag with a gold lone star. They were sparsely populated.
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the right of residents of a territory to vote for or against slavery. Appealed to north and south because it was fair. Was used for New Mexico and Utah.
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Many Americans expressed their belief that the US destiny was to expand to the Pacific ocean and Mexican territory.
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Document that closed California, Utah, and New Mexico to slavery. U.S. got land from Mexico and law stated that there mustbe no slavery in land taken from Mexico.
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The Wilmot Proviso was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War (1846-48). Soon after the war began, President James K. Polk sought the appropriation of $2 million as part of a bill to negotiate the terms of a treaty.
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Hidalgo signed by America and Mexico, Mexico agreed to the border for Texas and sold New Mexico and California to the US.
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Forty niners flocked to California from Asia, South America, and Europe to mine gold that was supposedly the best placed to mine gold at. This made California a very popular place.
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The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War (1846–1848).
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Franklin Pierce authorized his embassy to pay Mexico additional 60 million for another piece of territory South of the Gila River. This allowed the US to acquire more land from Mexico.
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´.
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The Radical Republicans were a faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from about 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. They wanted African Americans to be completely equal
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Harpers Ferry is a historic town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, United States. It was formerly Harper's Ferry with an apostrophe and that form continues to appear in some references.
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first battle of civil war
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split south in 2 without many deaths
stopped South from getting a lot of supplies
blockades still used -
Conderate victory because of stonewall Jackson, huge morale booster for South
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The Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was a confederation of secessionist American states existing from 1861 to 1865.
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major turning point of war for North victory, Johnston suprised Grants camps at Shiloh church, Grant and buells armies came and outnumbered the souths forces, 13,047 union, 10,600 confederate casualties, Union victory
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Mcllelan vs Lee, Union found Lee's tactics before battle, bloodiest battle in history, ended in draw, south lost quarter of it's men, McCllelan used creek as barrier for attacks, destroyed morale of south
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halfway between union and confederate capitals, confederate victory
Burnside union general, Lee confederate general
12,653 Union casualties, 5,377 confederate casualties
Confedrate morale booster -
Joseph Hooker Union general, Lee south general
Southern Victory, Stonewall Jackson died
bloodiest battle in American history at time
found Hazel grove so the conferates had high ground on the Union -
union had 77,000 soldies led by Grant, south had 33,000 led by Pemberton. African Americans on both sides at Vicksburg
Union victory, Union took Mississippi river, 4,000 union casualties, 33,000 confederate casualties -
Confedreate general Lee, Union general Knead, Union victory, highest death tole of Civil War, Picketts charge, Huge moral booster for Union
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confederates digged trenches and the Union attcked Confederate supply routes, caused end of war and Lee and the confederates had to surrender, many woman widows, sparked womens revolution,petersburg had highest percentage of freed slaves in south
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Sherman is union, Hodd is confedrate general, Union won battle, they had stronger defense, atlanta was greatly damaged, Lincoln got re-elected
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march through South to assert North dominance, destroyed Southern Morale, Ended Civil War with Total War
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Lee south general, Grant North general, Confederats had to surrender, Triggered a bunch of Southern surrenders, ender war in Virginia
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The U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, popularly known as the Freedmen's Bureau, was established in 1865 by Congress to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the U.S. Civil War (1861-65).
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The term Reconstruction Era, in the context of the history of the United States, has two senses: the first covers the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the Civil War; the second sense focuses on the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress, with the reconstruction of state and society.
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In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.
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Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. Used by white Southeners after Civil War to keep African Americans unequal
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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 granted citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."
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The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868, and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed.
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The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
