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Julius Caesar forces a roman senate to make him a dictator. Roman senators assassinated Caesar on March 15, 44 BCE because they feared he would try to become king.
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roman empire
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Rome was forced into civil wars.Caesar’s nephew Octavian defeats mark Antony and, became the winner. Roman senate gives him the title of Augustus and declares him first citizen. 27BCE
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Octavian forms a second triumvirate-Lepidus, Mark Antony, and Octavian. Mark Antony aligns with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra distrust forms between mark Antony and Octavian. Octavian wins and becomes leader of Rome; he takes the title Augustus and becomes the first Roman Empire.
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Rome enters 200 years of roman peace and prosperity called pax romana. Farming was there main source of wealth.
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Set 450BCE the laws of the twelve tables written down.
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Restored peace to Rome after years of civil war. Caesar expanded the empire, improved the infrastructures, bridges aqua ducts, and roads. He fostered trade improved economy and art and literature flourished.
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The 50 years of decline began with Commodus, several problems led to fall of Rome weak corrupt rulers, they had a mercenary army because they did not want to pay soldiers. The size of the empire was too large for the army’s size and serious economic problems.
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Diocletian worked to strengthen Rome and stop the decline he made 2 key decisions. He appointed a co emperor, named Maximian, he split the empire in half west and east. Diocletian ruled the wealthier half eastern side. He doubled the military, improved the tax structure and took steps to stop the economic decline. Abdicated gave up power, 305CE.
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After the death of Constantine invaders attacked. In 400CE could not hold off invaders. 410CE Visigoths captured and looted Rome. 455CE vandals left Rome powerless. 476CE Ostrogoth’s final collapse after Rome fell eastern part stayed strong. Later the eastern half turned into the Byzantine Empire.
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Last of the five good emperors.180CE was the begging of the fall of the empire. Spent most of his times putting of rebellions and fighting off invasions. Chose his son Commodus to follow him as emperor.
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Commodus ruled from 180CE to 193CE. He began the decline of the Roman Empire, he like entertainment more than government. Others helped rule, when government ran short of money he had wealthy people killed, so he could take their money. He was assassinated 12/31 192CE.
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Constantine ruled from 306CE to 337CE. Civil wars broke out; co emperors found themselves battling for sole control of the empire. 313CE edict of Milan granted the freedom to worship strongly encouraged the spread of Christian.
