-
SPAIN, PORTUGAL, GREECE
The liberal revolutions aimed to establish constitutional monarchies.
Greece gained its independence from the Turkish Ottoman Empire through a liberal and nationalist revolution. -
FRANCE, BELGIUM
A liberal revolution established a constitutional monarchy.
Following a nationalist revolution, Belgium gained independence from the Netherlands, to wich it had been united by the Congress of Vienna. -
FRANCE
AUSTRIA, GERMAN CONFEDERATION
Radical revolutions demanded democratic reforms. Most of them failed.
The revolution led to the proclamation of the Second Republic and the establishment of universal manhood suffrage.