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French Revolution
It was the end of the Old Regime and it was the begging of a New Historic Time: The extintion of the parlamentary political and the constitutional, a class society, the economic liberalism, etc. -
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The Assembly
The burgeois delegates joined in the Play Ball Room. The third state representatives swore not to part until having approved a constitution for all the nation. The king was imposed because they couldn't meeting secretly from the government. -
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The Convention
It created a new parlament which cancelled the monarchy and proclaimed the republic. They formed a rational army based on compulsory recruitment. It was made up of peasants and artisans. And this caused that peasants and artisans were revolutionize. The new government proclaimed a new constitution tougher that the previous one. -
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The Directory
The bourgeoisie and the army killed Robespierre ant their main supporters. The Convention passed into the hands of conservative leaders and they annulled the democratic legislative and patriotic society. They created a new constitution with an executive power headline for a directory of five members of broad powers. -
First Interval
The troops of Andalucía fought against the demonstrations of the independence fighters. And they forced Fernando VII to accept the liberal constitution of 1812. Rafael de Riego precipitated the independence of the Spanish-American colonies.Their example was also followed in the southern of Europe and liberals revolts broke out in Naples, Piedmont and Portugal. -
Second Interval (France and Belgium)
In France, the revolution started because of the reactionary policies imposed by Charles X. The insurrection spread throughout the country and forced the king to go into exile.
In August, following the example of France, the revolution spread to Belgium. -
Second Interval (Poland)
In Poland there was a nationalist revolt against Russian oppression. Alexander I ended their limited autonomy and persecuted their culture, language and religion. There were also rebellions in Modena, Parma, Bologna and the Papal States, which were destroyed by Austrian troops. In 1834 the quadruple alliance was formed (Great Britain, France, Spain and Portugal). -
Second Interval (Kingdom of Netherlands)
The kingdom of Netherlands was created by the congress of Vienna as a "buffer state". The southern provinces in the Kingdom of the Netherlands overcame Dutch political domination. After the Dutch troops were driven out of Brussels, a coalition of liberals proclaimed independence in Belgium on 4 October. -
Revolutionary Movement
The revolutionary movement occurred in France and was the end of the revolutionary cycle of 1815. The second republic was proclaimed and a provisional government imposed new laws.They recognized workers' social rights and universal male suffrage. the occured clashes led to the creation of a new government, of which Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was the president. French revolutionary events spread to half of Europe. -
Italian Unification
The political initiative was taken by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. -
German Unification
The Kingdom of Prussia was the political protagonist of the German unification process.