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The Catholics wanted to take the holy land from the Muslims. -
At this time the commercial revolution began, kings and landlords, lost power and traders and merchants grew in power due to people's eyes opening to new foreign goods. -
In 1254 Marco Polo was born. -
The Polos came back from their journey to Asia. -
Marco Polo was captured which led him to write his book. -
In 1415 the Portuguese captured the Fortress of Ceuta which was in Africa. This led to the Portuguese setting up trading posts in Africa. -
Portugal discovered the Madeira Islands which encouraged Prince Henry to navigate farther south. -
Portugal discovered the Azores Islands, which encouraged explorers and scientists to navigate along the coasts of Africa -
Prince Henery returned back to Portugal in 1434. This inspired Portugal to explore even further. -
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. This marriage unified Catholic Spain which allowed Spain to become more competitive with the rest of the world. -
In 1485 Christopher Columbus presented his plan of sailing west to the king of Portugal in hopes of obtaining ships and money. He was rejected. -
In 1488 Bartolomeu días went all the way down the coast of Africa. He made it to the tip and wanted to go further but his crew refused. -
Columbus discovered America leading to the discovery of new foods and animals. -
Da Gama finally reached India which led Portugal to be one of the richest countries in Europe. -
He argues that people are equal, but we have differences. He also says that we view ourselves better than others, and when two or more people want the same thing wars start. -
He argues that all men are equal and live without a common superior on Earth. Man is their own superior. -
The U.S. declares independence from Britain claiming that people have the right to declare independence from an unjust ruler. -
The representatives of France decided to write the document that started the French Revolution. This document argued for human rights and talked about the rights of man by throwing off the current government and creating a new one. -
In 1791 slaves of Haiti decided to revolt for increased rights and freedom. -
The slaves had succeeded in ending slavery and French control over the island. This became the first successful slave revolution ever. -
The French Emperor at the time Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the Spanish. Therefore Napoleon became the ruler of Spain. Bolívar was very disappointed that Napoleon wasn't following the ideology of the French revolution, so he wanted to make changes. -
Hidalgo wanted to fight. He rang the church bells and called the Mestizos and Indians to fight against Spanish forces. They were successful in capturing Guadanajuanto and other western Mexican cities. -
Bolívar and his soldiers invaded Venezuela which started the Admirable Campaign which was successful and Venezuela became independent and free of the Spanish. -
San Martín ambushed Spanish soldiers and liberated Santiago, Chile. -
A depression occurred causing many banks to fail which led to Moses Austin losing almost all of his fortune. -
Moses Austin moved to Texas in hopes to regain his wealth after the depression -
Far after Hidalgo Mexico gained independence from Spain. -
San Martín traveled to Peru and took control of the capital where he then proceeded to proclaim Peru independent from Spain. -
Mexico passed the Imperial Colonization Law which made Austin's grant of land secure to bring settlers from the U.S. -
Austin created a capital city for his colony named San Felipe de Austin. -
In the year 1824 Bolívar became the supreme leader and dictator of Peru. -
Colonists came into Mexico under this constitution. It said that the president would govern the country and have a congress to make and appoint laws. It stated that it was a federalist government. -
Austin was able to acquire contracts to construct four new colonies in 1825. -
Benjamin Edwards started the Republic of Fredonia and declared independence from Mexico. -
San Felipe now contained 100-200 residents. -
Gen. Mier y Teran wrote about how the Texans could take on all of Mexico. -
The Mexican government created a law that prevents Texas from getting too much power. It prevented immigration from the U.S., suspended all empresario grants, prevented slaves from coming to Texas, and more soldiers and troops came into Texas to supervise them. -
The Texans states that they were not attacking Mexico and still were supporting Santa Anna and the Mexican Constitution from 1824. -
The Texans desired separate statehood inside of Mexico, but they still decided not to wage war already. The Texan's demands were separate statehood, the April 6th law removed, better schools, mail service improvements, and more protection from the Native Americans. They also wanted Land titles for settlers in East Texas. -
The Texans came together and created a constitution to apply for separate statehood. They chose Stephen F. Austin to ask for approval. -
Santa Anna was elected as the president of all of Mexico. -
Austin went to Mexico to present his case. This year Santa Anna also became a dictator, and could not meet with Austin. While Austin waited he wrote a letter telling the authorities to already organize Texas as a separate state of Mexico. Later the two finally met and Santa Anna agreed to everything but separate statehood. Authorities received the letter he earlier sent and he was convicted of treason and sent to jail for over two years. -
Texas yet again held a meeting, this time the Texans were divided into two groups. One group wanted to remain peaceful with Mexico, and the other wanted war and independence. -
General Cos ordered Texas to give all their weapons back including a small brass cannon. The Texas refused and the Revolution Begun. -
In the morning the Texan volunteers surprised the Mexicans at Gonzales. They tried to come to an agreement but it didn't work out, and the Mexicans were forced to retreat. -
Collinsworth, Milam, and 50 other Texan soldiers traveled to Goliad. they surprised 30 Mexican and Presidio La Bahía and captured them. Their morale and weapons increased. -
Erasmus Smith told Texans that Mexican cavalry along with supply mules was coming to San Antonio. The Texans captured the supply mules to find out they were only carrying grass. -
The Texans defeated General Cos and his men, allowing for the city of San Antonio to fall under Texan control. They collected many weapons and materials. -
Mexican forces started the 13-day-long bombardments of the Alamo. -
Mexico won the battle with 600 casualties as opposed to the 200 Texan defenders who lost their lives. The Mexican army spared some women and children. -
1,400 Mexican troops under Fannin were surrounded. Santa Anna refused to let them go and executed 342 men at gunpoint. Sympathy for the fallen Texans grew in America. -
The Texans ambushed the Mexicans while they were sleeping and defeated all of them in just 18 minutes. During this time they shouted "remember the Alamo," and "Remember Goliad" to commemorate their fallen. -
This Treaty recognized Texas as an independent nation that is not under Mexican control. It stated a ceasefire and withdrawal of armies. The Mexicans also promised to give back property and prisoners.