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1st Treaty of Fort Laramie
The U.S. government formed a treaty to attempt to wear off the growing tension between white settlers and Plains Indians. The U.S. government’s aim was to guarantee the safety of white settlers traveling through Indian Territory and to stop tribal fighting among the Plains Indians. https://www.tutor2u.net/history/reference/the-fort-laramie-treaty-1851 -
Long Walk of the Navajo Indians
Although divided into many bands, like the Apache, the Navaho, unlike them, were not engaged in ceaseless depredation, their sporadic raids having been conducted by small parties quite independent of any organized tribal movement. They preferred rather to follow a pastoral life.
http://navajopeople.org/navajo-history.htm -
Fetterman Massacre
On the bitterly cold morning of December 21, about 2,000 Indians concealed themselves along the road just north of Fort Phil Kearney. A small band made a diversionary attack on a party of woodcutters from the fort, and commandant Colonel Henry Carrington quickly ordered Colonel Fetterman to go to their aid with a company of 80 troopers.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/indians-massacre-fetterman-and-eighty-soldiers -
2nd Treaty of Fort Laramie
After a U.S. military expedition under George A. Custer discovered gold in the Black Hills in 1874, thousands of white gold hunters and miners swarmed into the area the following year. While that was happinin the white were pushing the Indians to another area.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Black-Hills#ref1112787 -
Sitting Bull surrenders to U.S. Army and goes to Standing Rock Reservation
In 1876, Sitting Bull was not a strategic leader in the U.S. defeat at Little Bighorn, but his spiritual influence inspired Crazy Horse and the other victorious Indian military leaders. He subsequently fled to Canada, but in 1881, with his people starving, he returned to the United States and surrendered.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sitting-bull-surrenders -
Battle of Littlehorn
Custer chose to attack immediately. At noon on June 25, in an attempt to prevent Sitting Bull’s followers from escaping, he split his regiment into three battalions.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-the-Little-Bighorn -
Publication of A Centrury of Dishonor by Helen Hunt Jackson
In 1881 Helen Hunt Jackson published the book "Century of Dishonor" in which she outlined all the inequities perpetrated against the Indians. The result was the Dawes Act that broke up reservation land into individual plots.
https://www.historycentral.com/Indians/CentofDishonor.html -
Sitting Bull performs in Wild West Show with Buffalo Bill Cody
Buffalo Bill and Sitting Bull performed together in Wild West shows that went all around the U.S. and Europe, and forged what would become a very strange friendship. Sitting Bull’s old friend Buffalo Bill Cody was being enlisted to head off a possible confrontation. -
Dawes Severalty/General Allotment Act
Congress passed the Dawes Act, named for its author, Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts. Also known as the General Allotment Act, the law allowed for the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals.
https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=50 -
Beginning of the Ghost Dance Movement
Ghost Dance, either of two distinct cults in a complex of late 19th-century religious movements that represented an attempt of Indians in the western United States to rehabilitate their traditional cultures. Both cults arose from Northern Paiute prophet-dreamers in western Nevada who announced the imminent return of the dead (hence “ghost”), the ousting of the whites, and the restoration of Indian lands, food supplies, and way of life. And 1890 year.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ghost-Dance -
Sitting Bulls Death at Standing Rock Reservation
When the fifty-nine-year-old chief refused to go quietly, a crowd gathered and a few hotheaded young men threatened the Indian police. Someone fired a shot that hit one of the Indian police; they retaliated by shooting Sitting Bull in the chest and head.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sitting-bull-killed-by-indian-police -
Massacre at Wounded Knee
As that was happening, a fight broke out between an Indian and a U.S. soldier and a shot was fired, although it’s unclear from which side. A brutal massacre followed, in which it’s estimated 150 Indians were killed (some historians put this number at twice as high), nearly half of them women and children.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/wounded-knee
