Quality Metrics NUR 440 By b freund9839 1736 Bellevue Hospital in New York one of first hospitals in U.S. 1765 First medical school opened- College of Philadelphia 1841 Anesthesia discovered 1864 Lister applied the Germ Theory of disease to surgerical infections 1871 First school of nursing opened 1879 Sterilization introduced 1895 Discovery of radiology 1898 American Hospital Association founded 1900 Scientific method was introduced 1910 Flexnor Report on quality of medical schools released 1916 "A Study of Hospital Efficiency" by Ernest Codman, who was an advocate of patient safety and quality 1922 Insulin discovered 1928 Penicillin discovered 1928 Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) was developed 1929 Blue Cross Health Insurance 1930 1930s -Henry Kaiser developed a health care plan for his employees 1946 Hospital Survey and Construction Act (Hill-Burton Act) 1949 Hospital Construction Act 1950 Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) 1956 CPR introduced by Dr. Safar 1959 Academic Medical Centers grew 1962 Vaccination Assistance 1964 Nurse Training Act 1964 Artificial Intelligence- Eliza the chatbot 1965 Medicare & Medicaid established 1965 Utilization review 1966 "Evaluating the Quality of Medical Care" published by Avedis Donabedian 1970 Institute of Medicine 1972 Medicare’s Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) 1973 Health Maintenance Organization Act 1979 Artificial Intelligence is applied to infection 1982 Hospice Care 1982 Endoscopy- increased turnaround time in surgery 1990 National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) 1990 Evidence-based medicine 1992 Quality Improvement Initiative 1994 mortality 1998 The National Quality Forum (NQF) 1999 To Err is Human report released by IOM 2000 Information technology is harnessed by doctors and patients 2002 Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR) program 2003 Surgical Care Improvement Program (SCIP) was established 2006 Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) 2006 Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006 (TRHCA), 2008 "Never events" like surgery on wrong body part would not be paid by Medicaid/Medicare 2010 Patient Protection and Accountable Care Act (PPACA) 2011 National Quality Strategy 2011 Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) 2013 The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators 2023 Focus on cure 2028 Focus on prediction and prevention 2030 Hospitals will provide most care remotely rather than on site