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3000 BCE
INTERNATIONAL HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY.
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476
Middle Ages
-Growth of trade
-Increased need for money and capitals
-Mines deeper ,conditions worsened -
500
Ancient Times
-Manual work, mining, among others
-Miners used bags and sacks as masks to decrease dust explosive -
1556
1556
Publication of Georgius Agricola’s ‘De Re Metallica’ (‘On the Nature of Metals’), which talks about metals and mining techniques and makes reference to the need to look after the miners (e.g. sufficient ventilation, respiratory protection) -
1700
Bernardino Ramazzini,Bernardino Ramazzini, an Italian physician known as the father of occupational medicine, publishes ‘De Morbis Artificum Diatriba’ (‘Diseases of Workers’) about occupational diseases -
1743
people who living in close quarters in areas that were poorly ventilated,such as in prisons ,ships and granaries were at an increased risk for becoming infected with diseases -
The Industrial Revolution 1760 – 1800s
-People flocked to the cities for work where there were increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories
-The vast number of people looking for work, and the need for cheap labour, led to poor pay, hazardous factory conditions and an increase in child labour. Hours were long and conditions dangerous, with many losing their lives at work. -
The Industrial Revolution 1760 – 1800s
-A lack of health and safety also meant that many children developed occupational diseases such as lung cancer, and died before the age of 25. -1775: Percivall Pott, a surgeon, finds an association between exposure to soot and a high incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps, the first occupational link to cancer -
1802
An outcry over child labour conditions led to factory owner, Sir Robert Peel, introducing the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802, commonly known as the Factory Act.
-Have sufficient windows and opening for ventilation
-Be cleaned at least twice yearly with quicklime and water
- Limit working hours for apprentices to no more than 12 hours a day (excluding time taken for breaks) -
1802
An outcry over child labour conditions led to factory owner, Sir Robert Peel, introducing the Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802, commonly known as the Factory Act. -Stop night-time working by apprentices during the hours of 9pm and 6am
-Provide suitable clothing and sleeping accommodation to every apprentice
-Instruct apprentices in reading, writing, arithmetic and the principles of the Christian religion -
1832
Publication of the definitive edition of Charles Turner Thackrah’s book about industrial diseases. Occupational medicine as a discipline was established a result of this work and Thackrah became known as the ‘Father of Occupational Medicine -
1833-1868
- the Factory Act 1833.The Act extended the 12 hours working limit to all children and included woollen and linen mills.
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The introduction of ‘duty of care’ 1837
On May 30th Charles Priestley suffered a broken thigh, dislocated shoulder and several other injuries after a wagon cracked and overturned due to overloading by his employer, Thomas Fowler. -
1842-1878
Several acts introduced over the next 36 years, saw protection towards women and children strengthen. Women and children were prevented from working in underground mines, the use of child labour to clean and maintain moving machinery was stopped, and a 56-hour work week for women and children was introduced -
1898
Sir Thomas Marison Legge becomes the first inspector of factories in England and writes about lead poisoning and lead absorption in 1912. -
1919
Foundation of the International Labour Organization (ILO), made up of representatives from Government, employers and workers -
1929
Great depression: no work, food and money -
1930
-Rooselvet introduced a new legislation to help people during the depression
-OHS: was born throught the public health services -
1935
Association of Industrial Medical Officers (later the Society of Occupational Medicine) is formed. -
1939
American industrial Hygiene asociation takes place in cleveland -
1950
The International Labour Organization (ILO) and World Health Organization (WHO) develop a shared definition of occupational health -
1951
The Dale Report recommends the expansion of industrial services into a national occupational health service. -
1952
Royal College of Nursing Occupational Health Section is established. -
1953
British Occupational Hygiene Society is formed. -
1955
Donald Hunter publishes ‘The Diseases of Occupations -
1968
Tunbridge Report ‘The Care of the Health of Hospital Staff’ is published, recommending hospital occupational health services -
1971
OSMA is created and soon adopts its first standards -
1972
The publication of the Robens Committee on Health and Safety report, which leads to the introduction of the Health and Safety at Work Act in 1974. -
1973
-Entry of the UK into the European Economic Community, initiating the requirement for the UK to implement European directives on health and safety, and discrimination. -Health and Safety Executive Employment Medical Advisory Service becomes operational -
1978
Faculty of Occupational Medicine is created within the Royal College of Physicians. -
1982
Royal College of Nursing publishes the ‘Education of the Occupational Health Nurse’. -
1988
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) become operational -
1992
The Association of Occupational Health Nurse Practitioners (UK) (AOHNP) is founded with a goal to increase the representation and profile of OH nurses. -
2000
Health and Safety Commission’s ‘Securing Health Together’ 10-year occupational health strategy is launched. -
2004
Commercial Occupational Health Providers Association (COHPA) is launched. -
2008
Publication of Dame Carol Black’s report ‘Working for a Healthier Tomorrow’. -
2009
-Council for Health and Work is formed with an independent chair.
- ‘NHS Health and Well-being’, the Boorman review, is published. -
2010
SEQOHS launched, standing for ‘Safe, Effective, Quality Occupational Health Service’ - a set of standards and a voluntary accreditation scheme for occupational health services in the UK and beyond. -
2011
-Health at Work – An independent review of sickness absence’ by Dame Carol Black and David Frost recommends a national health and work service.- Royal College of Nursing publishes “Roles and responsibilities of occupational health nurses”.
-
2014
Fit for Work service is launched -
2017
The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, still forms the basis of workplace safety law in the UK, and went on to influence legislation in Europe, New Zealand and other parts of the world -
BIBLIOGRAPHY.....
-Health Management Ltd.(s.f).A brief history of
occupational health.copyright.February de 2019.recovered from :file:///C:/Users/da/Downloads/3571350_class2historyoccupationalhealth.pdf
-Wohis.(2015).La historia de la Ley de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional.wohis.org.February2019.recovered from:http://wohis.org/history/
-Billington,N.(2017).The way we were: the evolution of health and safety .staysafeapp.com.February 2019.recovered from :https://www.staysafeapp.com/history-workplace-health-safety/
