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The revolt was brought on by King Richard II's attempts to enforce the third medieval poll tax. Groups of rebels stormed the Tower of London, executing whoever they could find.
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John Wycliffe was an English reformer who translated the Bible into the Vernacular, and Jan Huss was a Czech reformer who was burned at the stake for hersery against the Catholic Church.
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Johannes Gutenberg, a goldsmith, perfected the Printing Press which led to the mass production of affordable books. The Bible was frequently printed, after Martain Luther translated it into the Vernacular, or a person's native language.
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The Second Monarch in the House of Tudor, Henry VII became the King of England in 1509. He is well known for his six wives, Catherine of Aragon, whom he divorced; Anne Boleyn, whom he had beheaded; Jane Seymour, who died after childbirth; Anne of Cleves, whom he also divorced; Catherine Howard, whom he executed; and Catherine Parr, who became a widow when Henry died.
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Fed up with the Catholic Churche's sale of indulgences, Martain Luther, a German monk and professer, nailed the Ninety Five Theses to the door of his church in Wttenburg. The Theses attacked the sale of indulgences, which was supposedly a "free pass" into Heaven.
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In 1521, Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Chruch and Luther was called to defend his beliefs. He was declared an outlaw and a hereic refusing to recant his writings.
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He began the Calvanist Tradition and belived in Predestination, the idea that God has already decided who will be saved and who will be damned. Calvanism was popular in Swizterland and grew larger than Lutheranism. Calvin did God's work by spreading fath to others in Europe.
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The Society of Jesus formed in 1534. The people were known as Jesuits. It was set up to help the spread of Catholicism. Jesuits acted as missionaries and tried to spread Catholicism around the world.
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Henry VII broke from the Catholic Church when he wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Henry was secretly seeing Anne Boleyn at the time and Catherine couldn't give him a son, but Anne could. The Church denied Henry's request as a fear of declaring Henry and Catherine's only daughter, Princess Mary illegitament. Henry severed ties with the Chruch and headed the new Anglican Chruch.
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The Council of Trent met in the city of Trent to discuss reforms. They tried to establish the traditions and docterines of the Catholic Chruch. They met in response to the Protestant Reformation.
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This was a treaty between Charles V and an alliance of Lutheran Princes. This is also called the Augsburg Settlement. It permanently ended the religious battle between the two groups and made the divison of Christendom within the Holy Roman Empire.
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After her younger half-brother's (Edward VI) and older half-sister's (Mary I, or "Bloody Mary) reigns over England, Elizabeth I, raised Protestant and the daughter of Anne Boleyn, became Queen. She stopped the mass killing of Protestants her sister, Catholic Mary I, had began.
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During the last session of the Council of Trent, various topics were discussed. The documents regarding the character of the Mass, the Holy Orders and education of the clergy, the sacrament of marriage, purgatory, and other decrees were issued during the last session.
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The Massacre began two days after the attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. He was the political and military leader of the Huguenots (French Protestants). Between 5,000 and 30,000 people were killed.
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Queen Elizabeth I successfully defeated the Spanish Armada, assembled and dispatched my Kind Phillip II of Spain. He attacked so he could convert England to Catholicism, as Protestant Elizabeth tolerated both religions. Yet the Armada was defeated by the English after a Spanish ship was spotted of the coast of England on July 29, 1588.
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The Catholic King, Henry IV of France promoted peace in France. This Edict allowed Huguenots (French Protestants) to worship freely.
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The Thirty Years War was a result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It was fought as a religious war between the Catholics and Protestants and left many people dead.
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The Thirty Years War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia, a series of peace treaties. They were signed between the 15 of May and the 24 of October in1648. They successfully ended the Thirty Years War, a bloodbath between Catholics and Protestants.
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Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV, revocated the Edict of Nantes and declared Protestantlsm illegal. This act resulted in damage for France, as Protestants left France for a place where they could practice their religion, such as Switzerland and Great Britain.
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