IT Timeline

The Great Depression

Period: Jan 7, 1929 to Dec 7, 1939

Jean Piaget and Child Cognitive Development

Jan 1, 1936

[Untitled photograph of Jean Piaget and Constanct Kamii with children]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://www.sciencebuzz.org/image/jean-piaget-and-constance-kamiiPiaget focused on child cognitive development. According to Piaget, children are born with very basic schemata within which all future experiences are processed. He focused on development, rather than learning and described child development in discrete stages, rather than as a gradual process.

Skinner's The Behavior of Oranisms

Jan 1, 1938

[Untitled photograph of B.F. Skinner with pigeons]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://www.dailykos.com/story/2015/08/16/1407334/-Fermi-Bostrom-Skinner-An-Eternal-Silicon-Screw#

B.F. Skinner: Operant Conditioning

Period: Jan 7, 1938 to Jan 7, 1989

As a graduate student at Harvard, Skinner developed the idea of operant conditioning, the rewarding of part of a desired behavior or a random act that approaches it. From studies on animals, Skinner generalized theories that human behavior could be explained in terms of responses to stimuli and consequences. A controversial figure, he published prolifically until the time of his death.

Russia enters war.

Jan 1, 1939

[Untitled photograph of Soviet Invasion of Poland]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Soviet_invasion_on_Poland_1939.jpg

World War 2

Period: Jan 1, 1939 to May 7, 1945

First paid advertisement appears on television in New York

Jul 1, 1941

Dale's Cone of Experience: Edgar Dale

Jan 1, 1946

[Untitled photograph of Cone of Learning]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Edgar_Dale%27s_cone_of_learning.png1946 - Dale’s Cone of Experience elaborated on prior researchers’ analysis that the effectiveness of audiovisual materials depended on its realism. He created a hierarchy that associated the absorption of learning with the degree to which the instructional method approximated reality.

Public Television Stations

Period: Jan 1, 1950 to Jan 1, 1959

The FCC establishes public television stations.

First Color TV Sold

Jan 1, 1954

Benjamin Bloom: Blomm's Taxonomy

Jan 1, 1956

Schultz. (2005). Bloom's taxonomy: Old and new. [Online image]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://www.psia-nw.org/newsletter-articles/blooms-taxonomy-levels-of-understanding/Bloom and colleagues published The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in 1956. They elaborated on earlier work on learning objectives and classified cognitive processes into various hierarchical learning outcomes. They also advocated designing assessments with those learning outcomes in mind.

Robert Mager: Learning Objectives and CRI

Jan 1, 1962

[Untitled photograph of Robert Mager]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Robert_F._Mager.jpgPopularized the use of learning objectives by developing a framework for preparing learning objectives, and criterion referenced instruction (CRI). Mager first began to research ways to improve training delivery as a result of having experienced the training programs used in WWII; Mager was drafted to the military in 1943.He firmly believes in the importance of knowing precisely what is needed to be achieved before embarking on any instructional design process

Robert Glaser: Criterion-Referenced Measures

Jan 1, 1963

[Untitled photograph of Robert Glaser]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://static01.nyt.com/images/2012/02/16/us/GLASER-obit/GLASER-obit-popup.jpgFirst to use term “criterion-referenced measures” ; suggested such measures can be used to assess student entry-level (pretest) behavior as well as measure acquired behaviors (posttest) 
 *Criterion-referenced tests is a central feature to ID procedures 
Along with Gagne, Claser used terms such as instructional design, system development, systematic instruction, instructional system to describe their instructional design models

Michael Scriven

Jan 1, 1967

First coined the term “formative assessment and summative assessment” which is used to define the type of evaluation that occurs during the developmental stage of the instructional design process. Scriven pointed out to the need to try out drafts of instructional materials with learners prior to the time the materials were in their final form. He indicated that this process would enable educators to evaluate the effectiveness of materials while they were still in their formative stages.

First Ever Super Bowl

Jan 15, 1967

Pixabay Images

Seymoure Papert and Logo programming language

Jan 1, 1969

[Untitled photograph of Logo Robot]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://cyberneticzoo.com/wp-content/uploads/22-turtle2-x640.jpgDuring the 1960s, Papert developed the Logo programming language that enabled students to use computers and control their learning environment with minimal instruction. They were able to write programs that controlled the movement of a turtle robot.

Robert Glaser: President of AERA

Period: Jan 1, 1969 to Jan 1, 1970

American Educational Research Association

Robert Gagne: President of the AERA

Period: Jan 1, 1970 to Jan 1, 1971

American Educational Research Association

Lev Vygotsky and Russian Psychoneurological Conference

Jan 1, 1978

[Untitled photograph of Lev Vygotsky]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://www.famouspsychologists.org/lev-vygotsky/In 1924 Vygotsky gave a presentation at a Russian psycho-neurological conference in Leningrad about research he had been doing, and through that was offered a position. He claimed that "we do not learn because we develop; we develop because we have learned." One of his most influential ideas was that of the Zone of Proximal Development, a focus of his in the early 1930s.

Susan Markle: Process

Period: Jan 1, 1978 to Jan 1, 1983

Susan focused most of her career supporting her idea that programming and thus designing is a process. She (along with her husband) developed a procedural flow chart consisting of the analyses of learning and learning tasks. She examined the place that specific objectives had in the learning process and stressed the need for active process and feedback. Markle and husband identified 10 fundamental learning outcomes and catregorized them in three columns of learning outcomes.

Windows introduces Windows 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 95, 98, Windows XP, Vista

Period: Jan 1, 1982 to Jan 1, 2005

Computers in 75% of High Schools

Jan 1, 1983

Computers are used in 75% of high schools.

Robert Gange

Period: Jan 1, 1987 to Jan 1, 1989

Gagné's work is sometimes summarized as the Gagné assumption. The assumption is that different types of learning exist, and that different instructional conditions are most likely to bring about these different types of learning.
Gagné's theory stipulates that there are several types and levels of learning, and each of these types and levels requires instruction that is tailored to meet the needs of the student.

Live Journal Started

Jan 1, 1999

[Untitled photograph of Live Journal]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://netdna.webdesignerdepot.com/uploads/social_media/livejournal.jpgLive Journal took a different approach to social networking than the previous dating sites and forums, opening up a new form of communication via the internet.

Apple introduced Mac OS X.

Jan 1, 2001

[Untitled photograph of Mac OS X Userface]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/17/OS_X_Yosemite_Desktop.pngThis operating system was aimed at consumers and professionals alike with the stability, reliability and security of Unix and the ease of a completely overhauled user interface.

Attack on World Trade Center

Sep 11, 2001

David Jonassen: Mindtools

Jan 1, 2006

[[Untitled photograph of David Jonassen]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from https://usainstructionaldesigntheory.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/jonassen.jpg]](https://usainstructionaldesigntheory.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/jonassen.jpg])David Jonassen's research has focused on constructivist learning environments, mindtools, cognitive modeling and task analysis, and systems dynamics modeling. His work on mindtools was a product of his belief that the traditional way that computers were being used to teach did not fully engage the students. He believes that teachers should present lessons in a more meaningful manner that promoted higher-order critical thinking, hence, Mindtools.

Original Kindle was introduced.

Jan 1, 2007

[Untitled photograph of Original Kindle]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Amazon_Kindle_-Wikipedia.jpg/800px-Amazon_Kindle-_Wikipedia.jpg

First Version of iPhone

Jun 29, 2007

Wikipedia

Windows Touch is Introduced

Jan 1, 2009

[Untitled photograph of Windows Touch]. Retrieved September 8, 2015 from http://res1.windows.microsoft.com/resbox/en/windows/main/796f44b8-0746-421b-83a3-d4a7625ea432_7.jpg

Apple iPad Announcement

Jan 27, 2010

Robert A. Reiser: Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology

Jan 1, 2012

ResourceRobert A. Reiser has written five books and more than 75 articles and book chapters in the field of instructional design and technology. Dr. Reiser is the Associate Dean for Research at Florida State University in the College of Education. Dr. Reiser has founded and chairing the AECT Division for Design and Development Awards Program.