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1754-1763
Description: Conflict between Britain and France for North American control.
Cause: Competition for territory.
Effect: Increased British debt, leading to taxation. -
Description: British restriction on colonial westward expansion.
Cause: Avoidance of conflicts with Native Americans.
Effect: Colonist frustration and tension. -
1763
Description: Native American uprising against British rule.
Cause: Resentment over policies and encroachment.
Effect: Proclamation Line of 1763 to avoid conflicts. -
Description: Asserted British authority to tax and legislate.
Cause: Repeal of Stamp Act; Britain reaffirming control.
Effect: Heightened tensions between Britain and colonies. -
Description: British attempt to save the East India Company.
Cause: Desire to regulate colonial trade.
Effect: Boston Tea Party as a protest against taxation. -
Description: Colonist opposition to the Tea Act.
Cause: Discontent with British policies.
Effect: Intensified British measures and punitive actions. -
Description: Colonist response to oppressive British policies.
Cause: Need for unified resistance.
Effect: Demands for redress and increased colonial unity. -
Description: Escalation of hostilities; coordinated response.
Cause: Outbreak of armed conflict.
Effect: Declaration of Independence in 1776. -
Description: Colonist proclamation of independence from Britain.
Cause: Desire for self-governance.
Effect: Birth of the United States as a sovereign nation. -
Description: Initial U.S. governing document.
Cause: Desire for a central government.
Effect: Creation of a weak central government. -
Description: End of the American Revolutionary War.
Cause: Recognition of U.S. independence.
Effect: Established territorial boundaries. -
Description: Organized westward expansion.
Cause: Need for territorial organization.
Effect: Process for statehood established. -
Description: Drafting of the U.S. Constitution.
Cause: Recognition of flaws in the Articles.
Effect: Creation of a stronger central government. -
Description: Approval of the new constitutional framework.
Cause: Desire for a more effective government.
Effect: Establishment of the new constitutional order. -
Description: Opposition to a federal excise tax.
Cause: Resistance to taxation.
Effect: Assertion of federal authority. -
Description: U.S. commitment to remain neutral in foreign conflicts.
Cause: Desire to avoid entanglement.
Effect: Avoidance of involvement in European wars. -
Description: Resolution of issues with Britain.
Cause: Avoidance of war and improved relations.
Effect: Improved trade relations with Britain. -
Description: Resolution of issues with Spain.
Cause: Need for navigation rights.
Effect: Expanded U.S. access to the Mississippi River. -
Description: Washington's advice on unity and avoiding political factions.
Cause: Decision not to seek a third term.
Effect: Emphasis on national unity. -
Description: Diplomatic tensions with France.
Cause: French interference with U.S. shipping.
Effect: Increased anti-French sentiment and naval buildup. -
Description: Federalist response to perceived threats.
Cause: Desire to suppress opposition.
Effect: Restriction of immigrant rights and freedom of speech. -
Description: Opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
Cause: Assertion of states' rights.
Effect: Nullification and defense of civil liberties. -
Description: Peaceful transfer of power between political parties.
Cause: Opposition to Federalist policies.
Effect: Victory for Democratic-Republicans.