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The most important taifas in 1031 were Sevilla, Toledo, Badajoz and Zaragoza. -
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The division of the lands of Sancho III el Mayor after his death in 1035.
Aragón
inherit by Ramiro I,son of Sancho III el Mayor. He added the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza. -
large migrating flocks of Merino sheep were at the centre of intense economic activity. They gave a very high quality wool.Wool from these sheep was traded at fairs. Cantabrian and Basque sailors then exported this wool from Castilla to Flanders, where a flourishing textile industry had developed.
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It was ruled by the kings of Aragón between 1076 and 1134.
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After the Christian conquest of the Kingdom of Toledo (1085), the taifa kings were forced to seek help from the Almoravids, Muslims that had established an empire in North Africa.
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Fernando I during his reign,he was married to a Princess of León, the Kingdom of Castilla was linked to the Kingdom of León.
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This kingdom strong growth with kings like Alfonso I.
In 1118, Alfonso I of Aragón and Navarra conquered Zaragoza.
In 1137, the marriage of Ramón Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, and Petronila, the young Queen of Aragón, led to the union between the Catalan counties and Aragón. -
One of the bloodiest civil wars was that between king Pedro I of Castilla and his step-brother Enrique of Trastámara, who aspired to the throne. Enrique II was victorious and acceded to the throne of the Trastámara dynasty.
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In the Crown of Aragón maritime trade was encouraged.
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export products from the Iberian Peninsula and import others from the East, such as spices and silk, which were then resold within the rest of Europe.
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In the 13th century, the economy of the Christian kingdoms developed significantly. -
He and his son Alfonso II continued the expansion of the Crown of Aragón towards the south.
During the second half of the 12th century, the Christian kingdoms faced the Almohad invasion.
This empire hindered the expansion of the Christian kingdoms, mainly in the areas between the Tajo and the Sierra Morena, until the Christians victory in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212). -
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212) was a major victory for the Christian kingdoms and made the occupation of the Guadalaquivir valley possible. In this battle, the kings of Castilla (Alfonso VIII), Navarra (Sancho el Fuerte) and Aragón (Pedro II) fought together.
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Aragón lost nearly all its land in the Midi after the defeat by the French in the battle of Muret (1213), in which Pedro II died. His successor, Jaime I of Aragón, conquered the Islas Baleares (1235) and Valencia (1245), which were added to the Crown of Aragón as kingdoms. -
In 1250, there was only one Andalusian kingdom, the Kingdom of Granada, ruled by the Nasrid dynasty.
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In the Crown of Aragón, King Martín I died without an heir in 1410. Therefore, in 1412, representatives of institutions from every state in the Crown were convened to choose a new king. The resolution reached at this meeting, the Compromise of Caspe, meant that the House of Trastámara was put in place to rule Aragón.
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The 14th and 15th centuries were marked by conflicts between Christian kingdoms and civil wars caused by rivalry between the nobility and the monarchy. On one hand, nobles sought to protect and increase their privileges. On the other hand, kings, usually with the support of the towns, wanted to restrict the power of the nobility,