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Lithography, or a print making technique using engraving, was used to reproduce images in multiples.
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Lewis and Clark begin their journey to map the west.
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Nicephore Niepce created the first surviving photograph using a pewter plate coated in bitumen of Judea which was exposed to the outside for over 8 hours. The photograph is inaccurate due to exposure time, but known as the first photograph nonetheless.
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Documentation increased and improved.
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The industrial revolution occurred during the first half of the 19th century, and shaped the largely rural parts of Europe into urban and industrialized communities.
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Henry Fox Talbot and Louis-Jacques Mande Deguerre were credited for the invention of sustainable photographic processes. There is much debate about who actually created the photographic processes first. Whether it be Talbot, with his long developed technique the Calotype, or Deguerre with the Daguerreotype.
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Anna Atkins published her first book which consisted of Cyanotype images, or images that are chemically processed and give a cyan-blue color.
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Talbot published his first book consisting all of silver gelatin photographs. He intended the photography as art rather than as science, despite the classification at the time of photography as art-science.
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The albumen print process consisted of sensitizing paper to UV, and then placing it directly under a negative plate and in front of sunlight to process the image using UV. This is one of the most widely reproducible print processes of the 19th century
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This act enabled the returning of slaves to their owners after escape to free states.
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The wet collodion process consists of coating a glass plate with collodion (cellulose nitrate) to create the negative and then a positive print process.
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The Crimean war was fought between Russia and Britain (primerily) on the Crimean Peninsula
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Roger Fenton became one of the first accredited war photographers. He depicted instances in the Crimean War, like battlefields post battle or generals sitting on their horses. Overall, he depicted the war and generals in a respectful and almost romantic manner, rather than the gruesome way many later war photographers showed war.
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Combination printing, or the printing process using multiple negatives, was made popular by Rejlander and continued by Robinson.
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Lewis Carroll became an influential photographer through his portraiture. He often took pictures of children, but also grown adults. He later became famous for being the author of "Alice in Wonderland".
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The American Civil War was fought between the more liberal north and the conservative/Confederate south. The war was fought primarily over the ability to own slaves.
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The Cameristas were photographers who followed the armies in the American Civil war to take photos, often using cameras called tintype cameras that took more than one photo at once. These portraits taken during the war were often sent to families of the soldiers.
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Alexander Gardener depicted the horrors and greusomeness of the American Civil War. He was employed by Mathew Brady who is said to be a very famous Civil War photographer, yet took very few images himself. Gardener was a very polarizing figure, as he brought awareness to the horrors of war but also brought the hardships back to the people.
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Photography was often used as documentation, however Julia Margaret Cameron used her photography as an art form, creating portraits that depicted fiction inspired scenes. Her images were whimsical in nature, as they were not clean and crisp.
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Lewis Carroll, outside of his photography, publishes the well known book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"
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Alexander Gardener published his book of images from the American Civil War. The book was not widely successful, however the images were, and can be found in many collections
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After the invention of the telephone, communication was revolutionized throughout the world. Alexander Graham Bell is a genious!
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In 1876 Mark Twain published "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer", and in 1884 he published "The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin", which then became his most famous and well read books.
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A movement created by Alfred Stieglitz in order to move away from Pictoralism - or softer unrealistic photography, to straight photography that depicted realism.
