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Bastides sails along Darien coast
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King Ferdinand appoints Diego de Nicuesa to settle the newly claimed land and with a small fleet declares
‘¡Paremos aquí, en nombre de Dios!’ (‘Let us stop here, in the name of God!’). naming the town of Nombre de Dios, -
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Balboa walks into the Pacific naming it Mar del Sur and claiming it for Spain
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Pedrarias arrives with largest expedition to date; 1500 men and 17 ships
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Pedrarias,abandons Santa María la Antigua del Darién, moves the capital of Castilla del Oro with all its organizational institutions to the Pacific Ocean's coast and founded Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Panamá (present day Panama City), the first European settlement on the shores of the Pacific.
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In 1534, after no such passage across the isthmus had been found, Charles V, the Holy Roman emperor, ordered a survey to determine if one could be built
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Panama becomes important trading point for gold and silver from Peru to Spain
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successful raid on Nombre de Dios with 73 men and 2 ships
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The privateer William Parker attacked and captured the city
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Captain Henry Morgan leads a fleet of privateers and 450 men against Portobelo, which, in spite of its good fortifications, he captures. His forces plunder it for 14 days, stripping nearly all its wealth while raping, torturing and killing the inhabitants
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Morgan crosses isthmus with 2000 men and attacks Panama City, which is destroyed and burnt in attack
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The city was formally reestablished on a peninsula located 8 km (5 miles) from the original settlement
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The first expedition of five ships (Saint Andrew, Caledonia, Unicorn, Dolphin, and Endeavour) set sail from the east coast port of Leith to the Bay of Darien. After calling at Madeira and the West Indies, the fleet made landfall off the coast of Darien, the settlers christening their new home "Caledonia"
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As part of the campaigns of the War of Jenkins' Ear, the port was attacked, and captured by a British fleet of six ships, commanded by Admiral Edward Vernon
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Residents of La villa de Los Santos petition Simon Bolivar for independence
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The first locomotive with freight and passenger cars passed from sea to sea. The route stretches 47.6 miles (76.6 km) across the Isthmus of Panama from Colón to Balboa
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The French effort goes bankrupt after reportedly spending US$287,000,000 and losing an estimated 22,000 lives to disease and accidents, wiping out the savings of 800,000 investors
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A second French company, the Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama, was created to take over the project. A minimal workforce of a few thousand people was employed primarily to comply with the terms of the Colombian Panama Canal concession
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The Panama–Colombia separation was formalized, with the establishment of the Republic of Panama from the Republic of Colombia's Department of Panama.
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treaty between United States and Panama, which establishes the Panama Canal Zone and the subsequent construction of the Panama Canal
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the United States purchase the French equipment and excavations, including the Panama Railroad, for US$40 million, of which $30 million related to excavations completed, primarily in the Gaillard Cut (then called the Culebra Cut), valued at about $1.00 per cubic yard.[31] The United States also pays the new country of Panama $10 million and a $250,000 payment each following year.
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The SS Cristobal was the first ship to transit the canal from ocean to ocean
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The canal was formally opened with the passage of the cargo ship SS Ancon.
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The Martyrs' Day riots escalated tensions between the country and the US government over its long-term occupation of the Canal Zone. Twenty rioters were killed, and 500 other Panamanians were wounded.
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General Omar Torrijos Herrera, the National Guard chief, overthrows the elected president and imposes a dictatorship.
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US agrees to transfer the canal to Panama as from 31 December 1999.
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Former intelligence chief and one-time US Central Intelligence Agency informant Manuel Noriega becomes head of the National Guard, builds up the size of the force, which he renames the Panama Defence Forces, and greatly increases its power over Panama's political and economic life.
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Operation Just cause inwhich de facto Panamanian leader, general, and dictator Manuel Noriega is deposed, president-elect Guillermo Endara sworn into office, and the Panamanian Defense Force dissolved.
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Ernesto Pérez Balladares (PRD) was sworn in as President after an internationally monitored election campaign.
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Mireya Moscoso, the widow of former President Arnulfo Arias Madrid, takes office after defeating PRD candidate Martin Torrijos, son of Omar Torrijos, in a free and fair election
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Panamanian control effective at noon on December 31, 1999, and the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) assumes command of the Canal
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Thousands of Panamanians stood across from Paraíso Hill in Panama to witness a huge initial explosion and launch of the Expansion Program.
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The new locks opened for commercial traffic on, and the first ship to cross the canal using the third set of locks was a modern New Panamax vessel, the Chinese-owned container ship Cosco Shipping Panama