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Tariff of 1828
The Tariff of 1828, also known as the Tariff of Abominations, was a protective tariff made to defend businesses in the North along with western products from foreign competition by levying taxes on luxury goods. Basically made to secure the North's economy by placing taxes on European goods. -
South Carolina Exposition
The South Carolina Exposition was written by John C. Calhoun in the response to the Tariff of 1828. This exposition maintained that the government had gone over its power by passing the Tariff of Abomination. Hence, the states were not required to support it. -
Tariff of 1832
The Tariff of 1832 was a protectionist tariff passed in order to limit the existing tax rates to help with the problems created by the Tariff of Abominations. However, things did not get better because the southerners were still struggling with high taxed luxury goods and saw the tariffs/taxes as unconstitutional, especially southerners in South Carolina. -
South Carolina Nullification
Due to the rage still in engraved the southerners, South Carolina established that they had the right to nullify anything by the government like tariffs and laws. This nullification first started off in November 1832 by adopting the Ordinance of Nullification where tariffs were concluded as full of void, null, and nonbinding in South Carolina. -
Jackson's Proclamation Against Nullification
Due to South Carolina's adoption of the Ordinance of Nullification, Andrew Jackson set out a proclamation that stated they didn't have the right to nullify the laws placed by the federal government which they thought of as unconstitutional. In the proclamation, Jackson had 2 purposes, 1 to state that by the powers given to him, he'll carry them out to the full extent, and 2 to warn the civilians of the state of what they're risking and giving up. Believed what the state was doing was treason. -
Hayne's Counter Proclamation
In response to Jackson's proclamation to the South, Hayne stated that if the state is being oppressed by the federal law, then they can find the law as unconstitutional. In Hayne's proclamation, he navigated through Jackson's proclamation by sending troops to help South Carolina nullify the tariffs that made the South angered in the first place. -
Force Bill
Due to South Carolina's nullification of laws, Jackson showed his full power to an extent by issuing federal troops to reinforce tariffs. This also proved that Jackson meant what was stated in his Proclamation to South Carolina's Nullification. -
South Carolina Repeal of Nullification
The South was still angered by the tariffs taking a toll on their economy, so South Carolina convened a convention in response to their Ordinance of Nullification being dismissed. In this convention, they asked for a repeal of the Tariff of 1828 so they could further repeal and nullify those tariffs.