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Treaty of Greenville
This treaty marked the end of an undeclared and multi-tribal war begun in the late 1770s -
Indian Country Crimes Act
Congress passed the Indian Country Crimes Act which provided for federal jurisdiction over crimes between non-Indians and Indians, and maintained exclusive tribal jurisdiction of all Indian crimes. -
Johnson v. McIntosh Supreme Court
Indian tribes had no power to grant lands to anyone other than the federal government. The government held title to all Indian lands based upon the "doctrine of discovery"—the belief that initial "discovery" of lands gave title to the government responsible for the discovery. -
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
The Cherokee Nation sued the State of Georgia for passing laws and enacting policies that not only limited their sovereignty, but which were forbidden in the Constitution -
Indian Intercourse Act
The area was set aside for Indians who would be removed from their ancestral lands which, in turn, would be settled by non-Indians. -
Trail of Tears
President Jackson sent federal troops to forcibly remove almost 16,000 Cherokee who had refused to move and were placed into camps where they remained imprisoned throughout the summer and where at least 1,500 died. The rest began an 800-mile forced march. 4,000 Cherokee died during the journey. -
Nez Perce Treaty
This was the last Indian treaty ratified by the U.S. government. -
World War I
Indian veterans of the war were granted citizenship -
Indian Citizenship Act
Citizenship and voting rights to all American Indians -
Homestead Act
The Western lands belonging to many Indian Nations available to non-Indian American settlers. This marked the beginning of mass migrations to Indian lands for non-Indian settlement.