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Fort Sumter
-apr 12 1861 to apr 14 1861
-Confederates demanded Lincoln for them to evacuate the fort, because of fortifications of South Carolinas in the harbor area. Lincoln could either try to resupply the fort, or evacuate it. Before supplies came in, the confederates evacuated. This aroused the North and caused it to unite.
-winning side: Union
-political/military outcome: federal troops saluted, this united the North. -
First Bull Run
-July 21st McDowells union struck and broke the Union line.
-McDowells Federals retreated across Bull Run
-Thomas Jackson and Wade Hampton fought for the Confederates
-Ambrose E. Burnside and William T. Sherman fought for the Union
-It was a Confederate victory
-3,000 Union deaths
-1,750 Confederate deaths -
Peninsula Campaign
-In 1862 Lincoln called for armies to move forward because he was tired of waiting for McClellan
-Joseph E Johnston’s confederate army stationed in Manassas Northern Virginia
-May 4th, Johnston pulled troops from Yorktown and withdrew them toward Richmond
-May 31 Johnston led Confederates in attack with 2 Federal Corps 6 miles east of Richmond- Johnston injured in war and Jefferson Davis replaced him with Robert E Lee
-July 26 Lee attacked MC's right flank MC backed off retreating to James R -
Hampton Roads
-mar 8 1862 to mar 9 1862
-This battle was the first battle with iron warships. In this battle, both crews lacked training, so it was useless to fire. In the end the Confederate ship sank, and the battle was over.
-Winning side: Union
-political/military outcome: The Confederates evacuated Norfolk, and the Virginia was destroyed. -
Shiloh
-Also known as the battle of Pittsburg landing
-Second great engagement of the American Civil War
-On April 6 the confederate generals launched attack on Ulysses S. Grant's forces in Tennessee
-23,000 lost from both sides
- In Feb Grant had taken Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland
-Gen A.S. Johnston was commanding confederate forces in the West
-Johnston wounded in battle
-Ended April 7th
-Victory for both sides but considered a Confederate failure -
Second Bull Run
-Aug 28th Pope prepared army to attack against Confederates
-Attacks were sent on Aug 29th
-Union- Fitz John Porter defied Popes orders
-Longstreet was intimidated by Union force
-Longstreet resisted Lee's attempts to relieve pressure on Jackson on Aug 29th
-Pope renewed Union attacks on Aug 30th
-Federals were forced back to Henry House Hill
-Pope ordered army back across Bull Run
-Wave of despair rolled over North
-9,000 Confederate deaths -
Antietam
-Robert E. Lee vs. George McClellan
-Lee and McClellan faced off near Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland.
-First battle of the American Civil War to be fought on northern soil
-winner was inclusive
-22,000 casualties
-Lee went to Maryland
-Lee chose Potomac River to be his battle ground
Lee withdrew on September 18 suffering 10,318 deaths -
Lincoln’s assassination
John Wilkes Booth- born in 1883
-March 20, 1865, Lincoln failed to show up for the planned assassination
-When confederate armies were near collapse Booth came up with a desperate plan to save the Confederates
-Ford’s Theatre in DC on April 4th at 10:15 Booth went into Lincolns box and fired a .44 caliber shot to Lincolns head
-Booth also stabbed Rathbone, Lincoln’s friend
-Lincoln died at 7:22 am
-Union soldiers took down Booth and his group of accomplices on April 26 -
Chacellorsville
-Fought from April 30th to May 6th
-Lee vs. Hooker
-Battle was considered Lee's biggest victory
-Confederate win
-Lee split his troops into two groups for battle
-Thomas Jackson was killed
-Hooker who was for the Union lost 17,287
-Lee lost 12,826 -
Vicksburg
-May 18 Grant arrived near Vicksburg
-Pemberton surrendered on July 4
-Feb-March 1863 Grant cut canal around Vicksburg
-The surrender of Vicksburg and the Battle of Gettysburg victory on July 3 helped the North and marked the turning point of the war -
Gettysburg
- Began July 1 -Lee gave orders to attack Cemetery Hill to Ewell -Ewell in command of Northern Virginias second corps -3 more Union corps arrived over night to help -Lee ordered Longstreet to send attack on Union left, and Ewells corps strike the right -Confederate opened fire on Union led by Daniel Sickles -Federals kept Little Round Top but lost orchard -Sickles was wounded -35,000 dead -3rd day-Union threatened Confederates -Lee fired at Union -Union opened fire on Rebels -Confederates w/drew
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Chickmauga
-Sept 19 1863 to Sept 21 1863
-Bragg's attempted to switch to the offending position. At Chickmauga Creek, both armies lost a great deal of people. Bragg's split his forces in two, Polk on left, Longstreet on right. Polk kept delaying while Longstreet advanced Sept 20, causing union to retreat North. With all of the casualties, the South had lost a strategic defeat.
-Winning Side: Union
-political/military outcome: South won, but North retreated safety to Chattanooga. -
Gettysburg Address
-nov 19 1863 to nov 19 1863
-After The Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln addresses the public about the bloodiest battle in the war. Today it is known as the most eloquent articulation of the democratic vision ever written.
-Winning side: none (marking Lee's Defeat)
-political/military outcome: This explains why the Union had to win the civil war. -
Fredricksburg
-Ambrose Burnside vs. Robert E. Lee
-Dec 11 Burnside crossed the Rappahannock with 120,000 Union troops
-December 13 Burnside ordered his left wing led by William B. Franklin in attack on lees right
-Union lost in a crushing defeat
-Burnside accepted responsibility for loss
-many blamed Lincoln
-Republican Senators voted to remove Secretary of State William Seward
-In Jan 1863 Lincoln named Joseph Hooker to command the army of the Potomac -
Wilderness
-may 5 1864 to may 8th 1864
-The Confederate Corps and Unions 5th clashed near Orange Turnpike on May 5th. Due to the darkness, they had to wait to fight again. The next day, Unions 2nd attacked along Plank Rd. They drove back A.P. Hills Confederates almost a mile. The Confederates came back attacking Union on left, and Longstreet was accidently shot by one of his men. On the 7th, Grant marched his troops South.
-winning side: Union
-Political/military outcome: Battle ended inconclusively. -
Spotsylvania
-may 8 1864 to may 21 1864
-At the courthouse, 18,000 union and 11,000 confederate troops were lost. On may 12, Hancock's troops attacked the Confederates at a point, which ended up splitting Lee's army in half. This battle lasted 20 hours. On may 21, Grant gave up trying to find another advantage and marched his troops toward Richmond.
winning side: Confederate
political/military outcome: Lee manuvered his army in between the enemy and Confederate capital. -
Petersburg Campaign
-june 9 1864 to march 25 1865
-The Union began to try and seize Richmond, and successfully captured Fort Harrison on September 29. With the South's froops slowly depleating from reasons like hunger, and hopelessness, Lee was left with 50,000 troops, while Grant had 120,000. Petersburg was later evacuated.
winning side: Union
political/military outcome: Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9th, 1865 at Appomattox Court House. -
Mobile Bay
-Aug 5 1864 to Aug 23 1864
-Mobile Bay was the most important Confederate port left on the Gulf of Mexico. It was majorly protected by Fort Morgan, ironclad Tennessee, and even torpedoes at its entrance. Admiral David Farragut sailed into the bay, but it wasn't long before his ship was struck, and sank. On the 23rd, Fort Morgan surrendered, declaring the end of the battle.
Winning side: Union
political/military outcome: Fort Morgan surrendered, giving the Gulf freedom from blockade running. -
Sherman's March
-dec 1 1864 to dec 21 1864
-The Confederate army lost Atlanta to the Union, so they head to Tennessee and Alabama, attacking Union supply lines. Sherman decided to split his group in two, Thomas's to Nashville, and Sherman's through Georgia to Savannah. When they got there, they destroyed all of the Confederate resources, raiding farms and stealing food. Savannah was theirs.
winning side: Union
political/military outcome: Southern morale was weakened. -
Appomattox
-April 9th 1865 to April 9th 1865
-In front of the Appomattox Court House, The Civil War ended with the Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendering the Ulysses S. Grant.
-winning side: Union
political/military outcome: Ended Civil War after four long years.
