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son of Charles V
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sister of Philip II, resigned 1567
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Desecration of Catholic Churches
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establishes Council of Troubles, aka Council of Blood
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80 Years' War (Dutch Revolt) begins
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tax on all sales, bad for economy
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17 provinces united, religious tolerance
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Alexander Farnese
forced the Protestants out of southern 10 provinces -
Protestant North, Catholic South
Spanish Netherlands = Belgium -
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by Balthasar Gerards
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first official stock market
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after first son of William
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Peace of Munster, end war
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1630-1654
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William III and Mary II
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over Dutch still trading with America during revolution
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supported by French Revolution
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Indonesia
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Napoleon's satellite
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with Belgium until 1830
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