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Indian Removal Act
Passed by President Jackson to move 100,000 Indians west of the Appalachians Indian Removal -
Movement of whites
In the early 1840s, Native American tribes started to notice a consistent movement of white people through the fringes of their territory. The tribes were concerned with how this will effect their lives and territory. -
California gold rush
Started when James W. Marshall found gold in California. About 300,000 people, some coming in contact with Native Americans, flocked to California at this news. -
Treaty meeting
Tribes of northern plains called treaty meeting. The government wanted agreement on 3 points: the tribes would stop fighting each other, white travelers using the Oregon Trail were not to be attacked, and established territorial boundries. -
Bozeman Trail
John Bozeman marked a trail from what is now Wyoming along the foothills of the Big Horn Mountains northward. This was the southwestern edge of Oglala Lakota territory. This trail brought gold seekers. -
Cheyenne and Arapaho camp massacre
A Native American camp was attacked by Colorado militia, Colonel John Chivington at it's command. The 700 soldiers killed over 200 people, despite that the Indian leaders flew a flag of truce and an American flag. -
Fetterman Massacre
Captain W. J. Fetterman and an army column of 80 men, were protecting a team taking wood to Fort Phil Kearny. Fetterman gave orders to attack a group of Sioux warriors. The warriors ran away and drew the soldiers into a clearing surrounded by a much larger force. All the soldiers were killed. -
Buffalo hunting
General Sherman urged that the sportsmen of the US and Great Britain be invited to come west to shoot buffalo. The hunters came armed with rifles and even shot the animals out the sides of railroad passenger cars. This depleted the Lakota's primary lifestyle source. -
Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
Reserved land for the Lakota people and exempted the Black Hills from white settlement forever. -
Modoc battle
In 1872, a group of Modocs began to leave the government's Klamath Reservation in Oregon and returned to their original land in California. This group included about 70 warriors. Fighting broke out between troops and the Modocs. One soldiers and eight Modocs were killed during the fighting. -
General Edward Canby killed
During negotiations, a group of warriors killed peace commissioner Brigadier General Edward Canby. -
The Battle of Stronghold
Four officers and eighteen men were killed at this battle. However, the Modocs were outnumbered and on 1st June, 1873 Kintpuash - a Modoc leader - and his warriors surrendered to the army. Kintpuash, Schonchin John, Boston Charley and Black Kim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby on 3rd October, 1873. -
Great Sioux War of 1876
The result of US reaction to attacks on settlers and miners with military force. Great Sioux War of 1876 -
Battle at Rosebud Creek
General George Crook and 1,000 troops, supported by 300 Crow and Shoshone, fought against 1,500 members of the Sioux and Cheyenne tribes. The battle at Rosebud Creek lasted for over six hours. This was the first time that Native Americans had united together to fight in such large numbers. -
Loss of land
The US government steals the Black Hills, taking land from the Lakota reservations. -
Ceding of the Black Hills
In 1877, some of the Lakota tribes signed a treaty ceding the Black Hills to the United States. Low-intensity conflicts continued -
Sitting Bull killed
Sitting Bull was killed at Standing Rock reservation -
Wounded Knee Massacre
The US Army attacked Spotted Elk, Mnicoujou band of Lakota at the Wounded Knee Massacre at Pine Ridge. End of the Indian Wars.
