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Formation of an independent Italy
The Kingdom of Italy came to be after the Franco-Austrian War. This was the first time Italy was united in its modern state. The photo is relevant to the term as it gives a picture of what Italy looked like at the time. A united Italy started a growth in nationalism and other aspects that allowed Mussolini to grow in power and become Il Duce. -
Papal States taken over by new nation of Italy
The Papal States made up most of Italy in this time period. When Italy took over these states, they were able to unite the Italian peninsula under one nation. While there was not a sense of nationalism quite yet, Mussolini was able to use this to his advantage. He was able to create an ideology of a greater Italy by uniting the people under fascist ideals. Using this, he was able to quickly climb to power. -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
The failure of this war with Ethiopia led to mixed reactions back in Italy. This photo is important to the term as it presents the Italians in a state of weakness. Mussolini is able to capitalize on this event by using it as a propaganda tool to promote nationalism. When Mussolini promises to actually invade Ethiopia, people rally behind him, leading to an increase in power to him. -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
The ottoman empire owned the part of Africa. Italy winning and taking over this part establishes them as a contender as a world power. The photo is significant as it illustrates the defeat of the Ottomans and the handing over of power to Italy. This significantly helped establish a sense of nationalism throughout Italy along with weakening a potential political opponent. This nationalism was used by Mussolini to propagate public support and eventually take power. -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
Mussolini began his political career as a newspaper editor for the socialists. He helped the newspaper gain many new readers and expand socialism in Italy. This stint as an editor, however, came back to bite him. The socialists were one of his biggest political opponents when he came to power as a Fascist. While not entirely his fault, the spread of Socialism in Italy increased when he was the editor for this newspaper. -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WW
This newspaper illustrates Mussolini getting kicked out of the Socialist Party. His view on certain things such as the war heavily opposed those of popular belief in the socialist party. This political freedom allowed Mussolini to rethink his values and form a new party. Getting kicked out of the Socialist Party sparked the beginning of the fascist party and ideals which saw him increase in power. -
Treaty of London
The Treaty of London was an agreement following WWI which saw Italy gain land after their victory. The photo shows the land that was in contention for Italy, but also the true gain of the land. This gain was seen as disappointing to the Italians who believed they were gaining new land and control of the Adriatic sea, but the establishment of the new country Yugoslavia led them to lose some of this land. -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
Mussolini formed an alliance with the head of the italian government. THis picture shows the effect of this and it is significant as it only further increased his overall power that mussolini had over Italy. -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
The Biennio Rosso was a 2 year period of mass protest where workers went on strike against their bosses. The photo is relevant to the term as it demonstrates one of the groups who protested. Mussolini was able to rise to power from this period as he made a group of people which was able to be the strongest during this period. This allowed him to put down political opposition and become a prominent name throughout Italy. -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
THis was a group formed after WW1 by Mussolini. This photo is significant as it shows a rally and the success that this group had in appealing to veterans which was its main goal. It wanted to appeal to gain their support. -
D’Annunzio takes Fiume
He made the order on his death bed to take Fiume.This photo shows the veteran who follow out his order which is significant as it gave hope to the government and showed the people that their government was capable. -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist Party) and is elected its leader
Mussolini formed this party to gain control over Italy. This picture shows his massive following that he gained along the way allowing him to create this party. This is significant as it shows how he could gain power so fast keep it and expand it. -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes Prime Minister
After creating the fascist party mussolini was able to use that power to become prime minister. THis image shows the march on rome which inevitably allowed him to become prime minister showing his ability to lead and make the correct decision. -
Acerbo Law passed
THis law allowed for taking control of ITalian parliment easy. This is significant as it allowed mussolini to take and maintain control over ITaly for a longer period of time since he only need majority at 25 percent of the total votes given in Italy. -
Cornfu Incident
This event was when Mussolini ordered a naval bombardment onto Greece. This was significant as it shows mussolinis power and how he can do this like this and still have the support of the nation. -
Matteotti Crisis
This was significant as it was the end of the "legalistic" part of Mussolini's rule. It was a turning point for Italy which was significant as it showed what kind of leader Mussolini wanted to be. -
Aventine Secession
This event was significant as it allowed for Mussolini and his Fascist party to rise to power in Italy. The picture depicts the chaos at the time, and it shows people protesting, which is significant as it shows the Italian people just wanted a ruler in power that was going to protect them and their rights. However, this event was significant in another way because it caused many people to become skeptical of Mussolini and his leadership skills because of the murder which made his rise harder. -
Battle for Grain
The Battle for Grain was a significant event in Italy because it proved the Fascists ability to make significant changes to better the overall state of Italy. The people in this photo show how people were affected by this policy because it forced people to get out of their homes and help with production, and people of all ages were being forced to work. Overall this event was significant because it helped paved the way to show how Mussolini and his Fascist party would come to change Italy. -
Locarno Treaty Signed
This was significant for Mussolini because his action of signing showed he was willing to cooperate with all of the other nations who signed. This was important because this was the kind of the leader Italy was looking and his signing helped promote his willingness to be involved in Italy's regime. The number of people in this picture is also very significant because it shows how many people he had to agree and cooperate with, meaning that he would be able to lead Italy in a cooperative manner. -
Battle for Land and Battle for the Lira
The Battle for Land was significant because it helped gain more land so hunger problems could be solved within Italy. The Battle for the Lira was significant because it helped to solve some of the economic problems because of the war in Italy. The picture is significant because it shows how many people were looking for change and wanted Italy to become better because of these policies. Also, it shows Mussolini's power at this time because of these policies that he was implementing in Italy. -
Battle for Births
This event was significant because it shows Mussolini's power with policies and how he was going to improve Italy. This helped Mussolini rise even more because it showcased his dedication to fixing the country and how powerful he was. The significance of this policy was it was going to help Italy in the future because it would allow more people to be able to serve in the military and make it stronger in the future. This picture shows Mussolini's strength and some of the women that were around. -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty signed
This Treaty was significant because it allowed for less violence in the world and also for less of a rise of opposition between countries over an event. This ties to Mussolini because the threat for opposition because of his rising by other countries who wanted to go to war was not allowed, and this was significant because it allowed for Mussolini's transition into power to be easier. The picture depicts how many countries were really agreeing to this and how important of an agreement this was. -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
This treaty was significant because Vatican City was now recognized as a sovereign state. Also this treaty was significant because now the Catholic Church was able to be a part of Italy. With this occurring, Mussolini was able to gain more support for his power for party because the Catholic Church was seen as one that was of main opposition to the party. The picture is significant as it shows the agreement that was made between the two opposing sides and how multiple people were involved in it. -
Stresa Front
The Stresa Front was significant because it was used as an opportunity to assert the role of Italy as a major power in Europe. This showed Mussolini's abilities to cooperate with other strong countries and how wiling to communicate the Italians were. The picture is significant as it shows exactly the people that were involved within the Treaty. Lastly, the Front allowed for Mussolini to show his leadership qualities within his country which helped his rise even more in his press for power. -
Abyssinian Crisis
Italy went on a conquest for imperialistic expansion, this time in Abyssinia in Ethiopia. This is significant because the League of Nations imposed economic sanctions, but did not succeeded. This image is significant because it demonstrates the drastic control Italy is gaining in Eastern Europe and its' path to self-sufficiency through outlawing imports. This furthers to emphasize Italy's rationale for siding with Germany, and not the Allies, who fought for imperialistic expansion in Africa. -
Italian involvement with Spanish Civil War
Mussolini entered the second Italo-Ethiopian war because of the underlying interests towards nationalism and imperialistic expansion in the Mediterranean. The image is significant in portraying the Italy's indulgence into Eastern Africa, and the lasting impacts of the Italian Prescence shifting the international relations between the future Axis and Allies. -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty Signed
This was a formal alliance between the Germany and Italian Fascist states to unite Mussolini and Hitler. This was kickstarted by the results of the Spanish Civil War and Abyssinian Crisis, resulting in a paradigm shift in international relations. This image is significant because it reveals the unification in world powers, highlighting the implications of an upcoming event: WWII, and the issues and violence that follow. -
Munich Conference
In this agreement, Germany was given Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to prevent Hitler's war claims. This image is significant because the parallel to Mussolini, and his negligence to conform to the Great Powers and their desires, showing how the path towards nationalism increased. -
Italy invades Albania
Italy invaded Albania, and overpowered their forces instantly and took over the valuable port of Vlore. The ultimatum for annexation allowed for a choice, declined by Albania, leading to disaster. This image is significant because the immense presence of Italy in Albanian towns indicates the vast volatility of Mussolini's strive towards power. -
Italy enters WWII on side of Germany
Italy declared war on the Great Powers to ensure Germany would side with them in any further conflicts under the fascist ideas. Germany's early successes in Paris allowed for Mussolini's support and faith in siding with Germany. This is significant because the new international relations allow for future destruction and loss of life. -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WW II
Italian partisans, led by King Emmanuel III, took down Mussolini, causing Italy to surrender when he eventually escaped with German paratroopers. This coup is significant as it led to the demise of the fascist state in Italy, and the new government that needs to be null and void in Italy for the future. -
Mussolini Killed
Mussolini was re-captured following his control over northern Italian territory with Hitler, and the public execution that followed with his wife. This picture is significant because it allows for the expressive dominance of Mussolini and the people who felt the aftermath of his collapse, leaving Italy in dismay.