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Formation of Independent Italy
The march led by Garibaldi in an attempt to liberate the kingdom of the two sicilies in 1860 brought the southern peninsula in the fold which led to the proclamation of the new kingdom of Italy ruled by the royal family of piedmont-sardinia as the monarchs. Image shows picture of Italy -
Papal States taken by the new nation of Italy
The french troops were there to prevent italian occupation of the papal states however when prussia and france went to war it left the papal states vulnerable to italy. This led to Napoleon III to invade the papal states and annexed the papal states and rome to Italy. Image shows the Papal States -
Failure of First Italo-Ethiopian War with the Battle of Adowa (Adwa)
Italy had wanted to colonize Ethiopia however they underestimated the ethiopians as well as the disadvantages of being unfamiliar with the area. This ultimately led to the defeat of italy. They ended up surrendering making a deal with the ethiopians to allow them to retreat with their weapons. Image shows the violence of the war -
Italy invades and takes over Libya
Italian troops invaded the turkish province of libya starting the italo-turkish war. Italy won which resulted in the establishment of a italian tripolitania and italian cyrenaica. Image shows the violence of the invasion through dead bodies -
Mussolini begins work as editor for the Socialist Party newspaper Avanti
The newspaper avanti promoted neutrality towards the sides of WW1. This led to Mussolini pushing the articles published by Avanti to an interventionist campaign with his articles as director. Image shows an article of avanti -
Mussolini kicked out of Socialist Party for pro-nationalistic sentiments regarding WWI
He promoted things regarding world war 1 that opposes the complete neutrality of ww1 that the socialist party wanted to promote. Image shows the socialist party that Mussolini was kicked from -
Treaty of London
A secret treaty between neutral Italy and the Allied forces of France, Britain, and Russia to bring Italy into World War I. Image shows the benefits, territorial wise in terms of Italy. -
Fascio di Combattimento formed in Milan
Fascists also known as fighting bands that promoted radical nationalists ideas nonviolently and violently. Image shows the political party that Mussolini created. -
Beginning of Biennio Rosso
Intense social conflict within italy. Also known as the two red years or the revolutionary period. This period lasted two years with many uprisings from the working class as well as the violent reaction from the facist blackshirt militia. Image shows the protest and revolution of the "two red years" -
D'annunzio takes Fiume
The poet claimed Fiume in opposition of the great powers however he faced little to no opposition from the military. Image shows D’annunzio, the author that claimed fiume against the agreement of the great powers -
Mussolini forms alliance with Giolitti
Giollitti founded the national blocs, with the purpose of ending the Italian socialist party. Image shows the logo of the national blocs -
Mussolini forms the PNF (Fascist party) and is elected its leader
This was an Italian political party founded by Mussolini for the political expression of Italian fascist. Image shows the logo of the PNF -
March on Rome and Mussolini becomes prime minister
The march resulted into the national fascist party gaining power of Italy. Image shows the march on time -
Acerbo Law passed
An electoral reform proposed that gives two thirds of the seat in parliament to the party that receives the largest number of votes. Image shows Acerbo, the man responsible for the creation of the reform -
Corfu incident
Diplomatic and military crisis between Italy and Greece when a Italian general was killed on Greece soil. Image shows location of Corfu -
Matteotti Crisis
Giacomo Matteotti was an Italian socialist politician. He openly spoke that he didn’t like the Fascist party and how they were very corrupt and how they used violence in order to gain votes and popularity. On June 10, 1924 he was allegedly murdered by the Fascist party – which Mussolini ran. This murder resulted a widespread dislike for the Fascist Party. This image shows the murder of Matteotti on the news. -
Battle for Grain
The Battle for Grain was an economic policy that was undertaken by the Fascist Party in order to boost cereal production, make Italy self-sufficient, lower the necessity of foreign bread imports, and show that Italy is a major power. This image of Mussolini is him graining wheat as campaign at pursuing self-sufficiency of wheat -
Locarno Treaty signed
It was an agreement that was meant to secure borders of the nations of Europe after the First World War, to ensure the permanent demilitarization of the Rhineland, and last to allow Germany into the league of nations. This picture shows the negotiating table of the Locarno treaties. -
Battle for Land and Battle for the Lira
The battle for land was an attempt to increase the amount of available farmland. And the battle for the Lira began to drop in value, and so they revalued it. Image of the Italian lira -
Battle for Births
The battle for Births was an attempt to increase the Italian population to create a large future army that would help expand Italy’s empire. Image of Mussolini and his family to further battle for birth campaign -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty
The Kellogg-Briand Treaty was an agreement to outlaw war, it was one of many international effors to prevent another world war but had little effect in stopping the rise of militarism. Image of the countries that signed the treaty -
Lateran Treaty with Pope
It was a treaty that recognized the state of Italy, with Rome as its capital. In return Italy recognized papal sovereignty over the Vatican city. Image of Mussolini and the Pope singing the treaty -
Abyssinian Crisis
The Abyssinian Crisis was a crisis that took place in wal wal between 1934 and 1937 over Italy’s policy of aggression against Ethiopia. The outbreak of the war marked Italy’s withdrawal from the league of nations and its political, diplomatic, and strategic realignment with Nazi Germany. Image shows Ethiopia and the different powers that were around it -
Stresa Front
It was an agreement between Britain, France, and Italy in which they would collaborate together to prevent any further breaches in the treaties that might threaten peace. The aims were to reaffirm the Locarno treaties, to declare that the independence of Austria would continue, and to the resist any attempt by the Germans to revise the Treaty of Versailles. Image shows countries at the Stresa conference -
Rome-Berlin Axis Treaty
After the Abyssinian Crisis Italy’s relations with Britain and France were strained. On October 25 1935 Italy and Germany had reached an agreement to establish military relations. This group would be known as the Axis powers after the addition of Japan in 1940. Image shows Mussolini and Hitler together after, which further demonstrates their alliance -
Italian Involvement with Spanish Civil War
The Italian military intervention in Spain was to support the nationalist cause against the Second Spanish Republic. Because the conquest of Ethiopia made Italy confident in its power, Italy joined the war to secure Fascist control of the Mediterranean. Image showing how the Italians intended to enslave the Spanish -
Munich Conference
It was a settlement that was reached by Germany, Britain, France, and Italy which permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia. Image shows the different countries that took part in the conference -
Italy Invades Albania
Because of Mussolini imperialistic policies he invaded Albania because it was land that was very strategic in many ways. One being access to the Adriatic Sea and also having access to the Balkans. This image shows Italy invading Albania -
Italy enters WWII on side of Germany
Italy entered the war in 1940 as the French Third Republic surrendered. Italy also had a plan to embark on a major offensive against the British empire in Africa and in the Middle East, This image shows Italy entering the war on the German side -
Mussolini brought down by coup during WWII
Because Italy had many losses and the people were tired and demoralized. Two plots had occurred to take out Mussolini by Count Dino Grandi and King Victor Emmanuel III during the spring and summer of 1943. This is an image of King victor Emmanuel III. -
Mussolini Killed
On April 28, 1945 Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci where shot by Italian partisans who had captured the couple in an attempt to flee Italy to Switzerland. Image of Mussolini being executed by Italian partisans