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Establishment of a state Radio network
Mussolini established a state radio network which expanded rapidly. However there were still only about a million radios, so public address systems were set up in cafes, restaurants, schools and in public squares so that more people could be influenced by the words of Mussolini. -
Banning of all political parties -- except for the PNF
Mussolini slowly established the features of a dictatorship, and banned all other political parties other than his own, the PNF, and the deputies of these parties were expelled from the Chamber. -
Purging of the PNF
From 1926 and onwards, the members of the PNF were purged as to make the party more under Mussolini's control. Out of the hundreds of thousands of new members, most of them came from the social elite and were less fascist than loyal to Mussolini. -
The founding of the OVRA
The Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism was a secret police force charged with suppressing political opponents. Mussolini's secret police force was the Italian equivalent of the German Gestapo, and were tasked with eliminating any anti-fascist sentiment. -
Changing the electoral system (round 2)
For the national elections of 1928, Mussolini changed the electoral system once again, even though there was only one party left. Only men of 21 or above, and who belonged to the fascist syndicate could vote. The Fascist Grand Council chose 400 candidates from the 1000 candidates drawn up by the corporations, and voters could only vote for or against the list. -
Establishing the Fascist Grand Council
The Fascist Grand Council became a state body in 1928 of the National Fascist Party. It served as a supreme decision making body of the PNF and it's members were appointed by Mussolini himself, as he wanted total control over fascist policy making. -
The Lateran Treaty
The Lateran Treaty with Pope Pius XI concluded that the Pope officially recognizes the Fascist State, while Catholicism was made a state religion and the Vatican City was recognized as an independent state. -
The Institute of Industrial Reconstruction
The IRI was a state company established by the fascist regime led by Mussolini to help banks and private companies that went bankrupt during the Great Depression. Therefore it then had a lot of control over many plants and crucial industries. -
The Manifesto of Race
Following the Rome-Berlin Axis in 1936, anti-Semitism became a political feature in Italy. The Manifesto of Race (or Charter of Race) published laws that stripped Jews from Italian citizenship, and excluded them from the Italian race. Several more racist laws were passed. -
The Chamber of Fasci and Corporations
In 1938, Mussolini abolished the Chamber of Deputies, and in its place put the Chamber of Fasci & Corporations. The councillors here represented different branches of the trade in Italy and people were given a voice according to their economic occupation. This had little power however, as they were mostly dominated by fascist appointed from above.
