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500 BCE
Union of Poetry and Music
Kithara (Large Lyre) -
Period: 500 BCE to 100 BCE
Ancient Greece
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400 BCE
Pythegoras
He realized the relationship of music with mathematical intervals. -
350 BCE
Aristotle
believed music should be included in the education systems for young men -
435
Seven Liberal Arts
"Martianus Capella"
Quadrivium and Trivium was introduced -
Period: 500 to 1450
Medieval Period
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604
Gregorian Chant
Pope Gregory I stayed away and wrote many chants because a god came down as a little bird and told him too. "little bird told me" Charlemagne established 500-600 Gregorian chants in his reign. -
800
Polyphony
Doubling perfect fifths were seen as beautiful at this time
Orgamum was used to a lot through this period because they wanted to enhance the chants further -
Period: 990 to 1050
Guido of Arezzo
Established the hexachord system
Named Guidonian Hand -
1030
Guido of Arezzo Established...
4 line staff, relative pitch and sight singing -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard of Bingen
Named a doctor of the church
Was popular after her life
Was an unofficial saint until 2012 -
1100
John of St Gall Established...
Church Modes
Authentic vs Plagal -
Period: 1150 to 1400
Gothic
Tall gothic structures help support the polyphony chants and to give an extra flare to it like they wanted with the orgamum -
1250
Notre Dame Cathedral
took almost a century to build
It held its first mass before it was finished
It suffered a major fire in 2019 and has been closed -
Period: 1270 to 1320
Le Manuscrit du Roi
includes 8 estampies
estampies was the dance you would do with the songs playing at this time -
1280
Shape Notes
Shape notes were created to help common people to read music easier.
It helps determine the duration of the note and the vowel of the text -
1300
Introductions to secluar and vernacular songs
Troubadours, Trobairitzs, and trouveres started to pop up during this time
Musical Instruments started to pop as well for example:
Positive Organ, Hurdy Gurdy and Lute -
Period: 1300 to 1377
Guillaume de Machaut
wrote love songs in the troubador style
4 voice rondeau
He stayed in his home during the winter during the plague
He was the first to claim his music as his own -
Period: 1305 to 1377
Babylonian Captivity
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1323
Ars Nova Treatise
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Period: 1325 to 1397
Francesco Landini
Wrote 140 Balletes
He was influenced by the treble dominated french chanson -
Period: 1337 to 1453
Hundred Year War
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Period: 1345 to 1370
Caccia
A popular melody style with a strict canon set
It was usually written to represent a hunt -
Period: 1348 to 1360
Plague
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Period: 1378 to 1417
Great Schism
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Period: 1450 to
Renaissance
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Period: 1450 to 1521
Josquin Des Prez
Was known to be the most famous composer of his time
He did 65 Chansons, 18 Masses and 55 Motets
He wrote the Missa Pange Lingue -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
Humanism and the age of genius in literature, arts and science was introduced
The 100 year war ends
The Gutenberg Printing Press was invented, now sheet music could be mass produced -
1485
Josquin's Motet "Ave Maria"
"Ave Maria Virgo Serena"
Was as popular as the Mona Lisa
It is polyphonic with Latin text that wasn't Mass Ordinary -
1510
SATB origin
Josquin's "Missa Pange Lingue" helped establish the four basic vocal parts that we have today -
1530
Pavane and Galliard
Popular dances at the time that was held almost ceremonial like. It help men and women to flirt with one another and to court each other. -
1550
La Volta
A flirtatious dance that was seen to be lewd because of the hand positioning. It was used at parties and Queen Elizabeth required her court to know how to dance it. -
Period: 1550 to
Instrumental Music Introduction
The introduction of consort and broken consort was here.
This was either just instrumental pieces or accompanied music to vocal parts. -
St Marks Cathedral
"Sacrae Symphonic"
Abstract instrumental music was presented at this time
"Sonata Pian E Forte" -
Period: to
Baroque
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Claudio Monteverdi - L'Orfeo
Shows expressive dissonance and when performed the audience got a copy to follow along -
England Public Concerts
England pioneered public concerts -
Period: to
Johann Sebastian Bach
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Antonino Vivaldi- L'Estro Armonico
A Harmonic Inspiration and it was number three out of the nine concertos that he did -
Traite de l'harmonic
Treatise on Harmony -
Well Tempered Clavier
Two volumes with twenty-four preludes and fugues and equal temperament -
Period: to
Franz Josef Haydn
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Handel's Messiah
Completed in 1741 but didn't premiere until 1742 in Dublin during Lent -
Period: to
Le Chevalir de Saint-Georges
Joseph Bologne was his name. He was considered to be a true renaissances man. He was the music director of concert des Amateurs from 1773-178. It was considered one of the finest orchestras in Europe. -
Period: to
W.A. Mozart
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Period: to
Viennese Classical
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Mozart's Don Giovanni
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Haydn's Symphony No. 94 "Surprise"
It is named surprise because the piece opens with a loud chord right at the beginning to startle the audience. -
Period: to
Beethoven "Symphony No 5 in C minor"
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Schubert "Erlking"
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Nicolo Paganini "24 Caprices for Violin Op 1"
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Berloiz "Symphonie Fantastique"
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Period: to
Frederic Chopin "Mazurkas Op 7"
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Fanny Mendelssohn-Hensel "Das Jhar"
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Period: to
Louis Moreau Gottschalk "Souvenir de Porto Rico"
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Mussorgsky
Pictures at an Exhibition -
Bizel
Carmen -
Wagner
Der Ring Des Nibelungen -
Brahms
Symphony No. 4 -
Mahler
Symphony No.1 -
Dvorak
Symphony No. 9 "From the New World" -
Scott Joplin's Maple Leaf Rag
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Jean Sibelius' Finlandia
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Claude Debussy's Voiles
from Preludes Book 1 -
Arnold Schonberg's Pierrot Lunaire
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Igor Stravinsky's "Le Sacre Du Printemps"
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Arnold Schonberg's Piano Suite, Op. 25
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Louis Armstrong "Hotter Than That"
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George and Ira Gershwin's "I Got Rhythm"
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Shostakovich "Symphony No. 5
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Prokofiev "Alexander Nevsky"
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Duke Ellington's "Cottontail"
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Oliver Messiaen's Quatuor pour le fine du temps"
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Bela Bartok's "Concerto for Orechestra"
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Copeland "Appalachian Spring"
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John Cage's 4'33"
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Edward Varse "Poeme Electronique"
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Miles Davis "Kind of Blue"
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George Crumb's "Ancient Voices of Children"
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John Adams' "Short Ride in a Fast Machine"