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About 1418, Prince Henry started the first school for oceanic navigation along with an astronomical observatory at Sagres, Portugal. Portugal. In this school, people were trained in nagivation, map-making, and science, in order to sail down the west of Africa.
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The expedition sailed south along the West coast of Africa. Extra provisions were picked up on the way at the Portuguese fortress of São Jorge de Mina on the Gold Coast.
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On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, with three small ships, the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Nina. On October 12, the expedition reached land, probably Watling Island in the Bahamas.
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The Treaty of Tordesillas only specified the line of demarcation in leagues from the Cape Verde Islands. It did not specify the line in degrees, nor did it identify the specific island or the specific length of its league.
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Vasco da Gama personally recruited his crews for the expedition. The fleet arrived in Kappadu near Calicut, India on 20 May 1498.
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Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese in the service of the Spanish crown, was looking for a westward route to the to the Spice Islands of Indonesia. On March 16, 1521, Magellan's expedition landed on Homonhon island in the Philippines.
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The invasion of the Filipinos by Spain did not begin in earnest until 1564, when another expedition from New Spain, commanded by Miguel López de Legaspi, arrived. Permanent Spanish settlement was not established until 1565 when an expedition led by Miguel López de Legazpi, the first Governor-General of the Philippines, arrived in Cebu from New Spain.
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was a chartered company established in 1602. It was the second multinational corporation in the world and the first company to issue stock.
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The French East India Company was a commercial enterprise, founded in 1664 to compete with the British and Dutch East India companies in colonial India.
