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The Medieval Period, also known as the middle ages, was a time where music was written in a way that did not distract from worship. There was also a neumatic notation system that was used during this time period.
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The innovation of this document was the hexachord system which is a 6 note system. In addition to the hexachord system, the document innovated sight singing as well as the idea of relative pitch. It also was the foundation for the four line staff.
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She was considered the greatest composer of the Middle Ages. In addition, she was a poet and a writer. She did not compose from existing Gregorian melody and her compositions consisted of a wide range for the singers.
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The important innovation that came from the Ars Nova Treatise was secular music. This is the first time in history where composers are creating more secular music than sacred music.
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The Renaissance is a time period of exploration, colonization, and the idea of humanism. It was an age of genius in regards to literature, the arts, and sciences.
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This is one of Josquin's earliest motets and remains one of his most popular. The text that has been put into a polyphonic setting refers to the five feasts of the Virgin Mary.
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This chorale is considered the anthem for the Protestant Reformation.
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This piece has a chordal texture with points of imitation throughout.
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This mass was dedicated to the Pope. According to legend, it demonstrated how even with 6 polyphonic voices, the sacred words could be understood.
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This is a parody/imitation mass. It imitates Victoria's motet, "O Magnum Mysterium" that was composed 20 years before.
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This piece was composed for St. Mark's Basilica. Not only was it the first piece to dictate which instrument should play each specific line, it also is the first piece with dynamics written into the music.
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The term baroque was a derogatory term. Many found the period to be bizarre and overcomplicated. By the widespread experimentation this era brought, it resulted in the concerto, aria, and sonata. We also gained major and minor tonality as well as barlines from this period.
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This is the first opera to enter standard repertory.
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These public concerts started the rise of public concerts in other countries. It was the beginning of modern concert culture.
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Many believe that works by Bach represent the "best" of the Baroque era. He help important positions in Weimar, Cöthen, and Leipzig. He was an organist, violinist, and violist.
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It was his first collection of concertos appearing in print. It is a set of 12 concertos for stringed instruments. It was published by Estienne Roger in Amsterdam, which was the first time using a foreign publisher. These works influenced Bach.
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This became the basis for teaching harmony. It was the most influential of all his theoretical works.
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This is compiled of 24 preludes and fugues. They go through the 12 major keys and the 12 minor keys. It employed a tuning system for the keyboard that we still use today. It is called “equal temperament” because the octave is divided into 12 semitones that are equal intervals apart.
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Haydn is credited with helping create the styles and forms for the string quartet and symphony.
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Joseph Bologne was also called "le Mozart noir" or "the black Mozart”. This was one of the finest orchestras in Europe.
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It premiered in 1742, but was completed in 1741. Handel’s Messiah is a sacred work in three parts.
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Mozart was what some would consider a "child prodigy". He did a lot of freelance work and composed over 600 works. He died young, but due to his early start we have many influential works composed by him.
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This opera was based on the legend of Don Juan. The libretto is by Lorenzo Da Ponte. It is a dramma giocoso.
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This piece was the first to add trombones to a symphony.
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This was the first piece that Schubert attempted to have published.
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Despite being composed in 1805, these Caprices for violin were not published until 15 years later. These were deemed unplayable by many.
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This was inspired by Berlioz’s obsession with the Shakespearean actress, Harriet Smithson.
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These were based on the traditional Polish Folk dance.
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This is a character piece that takes us through the 12 months along with a postlude.
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This piece incorporated 3 Caribbean rhythms as well as syncopation.
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