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Central American provinces secede, becoming Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. -
Mexican-American War ends with Mexico being forced to sell its northern provinces (including modern-day California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona and Utah) to the US.
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characterized by liberal reforms limiting the power and landholdings of the Catholic Church.
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Porfirio Diaz's 35-year-long dictatorship brings stability, modernisation and economic growth, but at the price of political repression
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The liberal Francisco Madero introduces land reform and labour legislation before being assassinated. Victoriano Huerta seizes power. Political unrest continues with Emiliano Zapata leading a peasant revolt in the south.