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Origin: China. Cause unknown. Though no symptoms are stated," the anthropological study indicates that the epidemic happened quickly enough that there was no time for proper burials" and the Hamin Magha site which was never inhabited again and another mass burial found in Miaozigou (northeastern China) for the same time period.
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Origins: Greece. Prehistoric typhoid or Ebola? Symptoms: fever, red inflamed eyes", bloody throat and tongue with "fetid breath".
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Origin: Roman Empire. Believed to be either smallpox or measles. Symptoms: fever, diarrhea, vomiting, thirstiness, swollen throat, and coughing. Killed a Roman Emperor, Lucius Verus, A second wave occurred 9 years later.
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Origin: Rome. The cause is highly speculative, but suspects include smallpox, pandemic influenza, and viral hemorrhagic. Symptoms: relaxed bowels, fermented wounds around the mouth. Mass grave of bodies covered with lime (disinfectant) found in Luxor burned in a giant fire
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Origin: Byzantine Empire. Bubonic plague with flu-like symptoms caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria and spread by Rats &, fleas. Emperor Justinian infected but survived. Symptoms: swollen lymph nodes, headache, muscle ache. Empire covered the Middle East to Western Europe
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Origin: Asia and Europe. Caused by Yersinia pestis bacteria and spread by Rats &, fleas. With so many dead and cheap labor hard to find leading to technological innovation. A better diet increased the chances of survival.
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Origin: Central America. A type of typhoid causing a hemorrhagic fever causing dehydration and gastrointestinal issues from the Salmonella virus (as per skeleton DNA examination). Areas with drought were hit hard.
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Presently ongoing. Clusters of Eurasian diseases brought to the Americas by European explorers including smallpox. Symptoms: itchy rash across the entire body and mouth. Helped Spanish force conquer the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán in 1519 and the Incas in 1532
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Origin: UK. Black death round 2. Fleas from plague-infected rodents were one of the main causes of transmission resulting in the mass exodus out of London which resulted in a shortage of firefighters to when the Great fire burned down large portions of the city.
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Origin: France. Fleas on rodents aboard a quarantine ship (Grant-Saint-Antoine) from the Mediterranean spread the plague throughout the city. Lasted 3 years.
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Origin: Russia. Caused by the Bubonic plague from fleas with Yersinia pestis, the bacterium. Quarantined citizens led to violence which killed Archbishop Ambrosius who dissuaded perishers from gathering for worship. Struggling to control chaotic Russia, Catherine II ordered factories out of Moscow.
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Origin: United States. Caused by Flaviviridae and transmitted by Mosquitoes in Hot and humid conditions. In Philadelphia Americans of African origin thought to be immune were recruited as front-line workers (nurses). Symptoms: Fever, headache, muscle aches, sensitivity to light, nausea, and vomiting
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Origin: Russia. Agent for influenza viruses unknown but Human Coronavirus OC43 suspected. The spread throughout the world was accelerated by e-commerce. Symptoms Common cold, severe lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
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Origin: NY, USA. Caused by a virus that attacks the nervous system in children younger than 5 causing paralysis, difficulty breathing, and sometimes death. From the Salk vaccine of 1954 discovery, the sporadic outbreaks ended in 1979. Present in other parts of the world
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Origin: unknown. Caused by the Influenza viruses made worse by cramped living conditions and poor nutrition during World War I. Spread from South Sees to north Pole. Despite the name, the disease likely did not start in Spain
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Origin: China and spread to Hong Kon and the US. Caused by a blend of Avian Flu viruses spread by birds. Spread to Hong Kong and the USA.
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Origin: suspected to be the Democratic Republic of Congo, from Chimpanzees with SIVcpz strain similar to HIV. First case discovered in the 1980s. Only 2 people have been cured but therapeutics are available
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Origin: Mexico. H1N1 flu strain originating in pigs and primarily younger population with no immunity from prior pandemics. Vaccine available
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Origin: Guinea. Ebolavirus thought to originate from Bats with no known cure but efforts for vaccine ongoing. Bulk cases in West Africa and small numbers in other parts of the world.
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Origin: South and Central America. Ongoing. The Zika virus is usually spread through mosquitoes of the Aedes genus. While Zika is usually not harmful to adults or children, it can attack infants who are still in the womb and cause birth defects.
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Origin: China. The source is being investigated. Spread through droplets from coughs or sneezes of infected people. The race is on for a vaccine. Symptoms vary widely but common ones include fever/ chills, diarrhea, new fatigue, shortness of breath, loss of taste or smell, etc.
