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Evil spirits
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Prayer, exorcisms, blood letting
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Digitals, were used later for the heart but at the time they were used things like different plants or teas to help swelling and wounds. quinine, was used for fevers and other treatment. belladonna, was used as a pain killer and in rituals. morphine, was used as a pain killer and for coughs, it was also used in rituals
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Health records
Priests were physicians
They used medicines to heal diseases, they learned the art of splinting fractures, and treated blood disorders by bloodletting -
Development of acupuncture:
Learned to treat a variety of diseases and illnesses with stone tools, still used today -
Illness cause nature vs. spiritual: first to study the cause of disease and to determine that it may have been natural not spiritual.
Dissection: religious customs did not allow bodies to be dissected.
Hippocrates: Studied anatomy from observations on the external body, took notes on signs and symptoms, wrote the oath of Hippocrates. Physicians still take this oath. -
They were the first to establish sanitation systems so that their waste wasn’t flowing through the water they drank. This made people more healthy and less disease spread. They also started organizing documents about medicine and physicians had room in their houses to hold patients it was the start of hospital development.
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Medicine stopped because they believed that the fate of life or death was on gods hands. Has no interest in how the body worked. Only practiced medicine in converts and monasteries.
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Prayer was the most common treatment. Some herbs were used. Many people died.
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60 million people died from the black plague and more died from other diseases like small pox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis.
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New scientific progress came. Developments include…
Universities and medical schools for research
Search for new ideas instead of Accepting disease as the will of god
Now they allowed dissection of the body to study.
Printed and published books so people have greater research and can obtain more knowledge. -
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studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
Discovered the fallopian tubes of the human body
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discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat
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used his knowledge to understand physiology he was able to describe the blood circulation and the pumping of the heart -
invented microscope establishing that there is things smaller than the eye can see. Found bacteria on the tooth that causes tooth decay
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Early pharmacies in medieval England they engaged in a flourishing, trade and drugs, and spices from the east.
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His discoveries included bifocals, and he found out that colds could be passed from person to person -
Students had to attend the lectures in the classroom and in laboratories, and they also had to observe patients at the bedside so that they had a better understanding of causes of illnesses and death. There was a wider range of students studying medicine.
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Discovered the element of oxygen and observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen so that humans could breathe it in
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Discovered method of vaccination for smallpox which had killed many people. He saved millions of lives with his discovery, and it also led to immunization and preventative medicine in public health. -
Invented the stethoscope the first stethoscope was made of wood allowed them to hear the heart and lungs so that doctors knew if a disease was present
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Discovered the child bed, fever Many women died from this fever, giving birth noted that patients of midwives often had fewer deaths also proved that handwashing in cleanliness controlled the spread of infection.
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Florence Nightingale was a well educated dedicated woman to the Nightingale school of nursing. The graduates raised the standard of the nursing and nursing became a respectable profession. -
Known as the father of microbiology discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere proof that microorganisms caused disease before his discovery doctor thought that microorganisms were created by disease. He discovered that heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria, also known as pasteurization which kills bacteria and milk. We still use this to treat milk today.
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Discovered diseases are caused by microorganisms that can’t be seen with a microscope called viruses
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Learned about Pastors discovery that microorganisms cause infection used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs was the first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery, which helped prevent injection
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Developed asepsis he knew that germs caused infection from Pasteur and Lister he developed a method to keep an area germ free for surgery.
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Discovered many disease, causing organisms developed a method to identify pathogens and also isolated of cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of disease
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Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. His treatment was effective against some microorganisms but not all. His discoveries brought about the use of chemicals to fight disease and the 606th experiment he found a treatment that worked. -
Discovered x-rays in 1895 he took the very first picture using x-rays of his wife’s hand his discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body help. It also helped them discover what was wrong with the patient.
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Early physicians use herbs, Hamish and alcohol to help relieve pain of surgery. They even choked patients to cause unconsciousness to stop pain. A lot of people died from shock and pain during the 19th of 20th Centuries the nitrous oxide was used for dental care. Chlorofoam where discovered these drugs, have the ability to put people into a deep sleep so that they cannot feel pain during the surgery They’re safe and painless and still used surgery today.
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Discovered that penicillin killed life threatening diseases. This was known as the most important discovery in the 20th century -
Discovered conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He studied the effects of being conscious versus unconscious. He determined that the body and mind work together.
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Discovered the sulfonamide compounds. These were compounds for the first medicines ever made that was affective killing bacteria.
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Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. That virus paralyzed thousands of people every year.
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He used a live polio virus vaccine which is more effective. Now this vaccine is used to immunize babies. -
Discovered the molecular structure of the DNA based on its known double helix. Their model showed how it replicates. They set the stage for the rapid advance in molecular biology.
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Preformed the first successful heart transplant. -
Continues to be a pioneer in separating the first Siamese twins and preforming hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures.
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Robots are making surgeries less invasive and more precise. This helps people have smaller scars and makes surgery less dangerous.
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3d printing can be used to make custom prosthetics for people, like bones, tissues, and cartilage.
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A tool allows genes to be edited. This can help prevent or cure genetic diseases like sickle cell, anemia, and even some cancers.
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AI can help diagnose people with different things. It can read X-rays, MRI’s, and bloodwork. This can help be more accurate because they have all the data and records where humans don’t have access to all of it as quickly and efficiently.
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RSV is a respiratory virus that affects babies and older adults. The vaccine helps prevent them from getting the virus. It can sometimes even save lives. People get the vaccine when they’re babies and elderly.