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Cause: The French Revolution was inspired by the American Revolution and Enlightenment and caused the creation of this document. Effect: This led to a long-lasting impact on human civility and equality as well as shifted the relationship between the governed and the governor. https://revolution.chnm.org/d/295 -
Cause: This was caused by a conflict over voting (Third Estate wanted to vote by head, while first and second wanted to vote by Estate). [What it was: agreement not to disband until a new French constitution was made.] Effect: This undermined the king's power and marked the establishment of the National Assembly. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/june-20/third-estate-makes-tennis-court-oath -
Cause: This was caused by not only long-lasting economic hardship and famine, but also by fear of an attack by the royal army and a search for weapons.
Effect: Feudalism came to an end. -
Cause: Causes of this were bread shortages and high food prices, poor harvests that led to famine. Effect: The effect of the March on Versailles was the relocation of the royal family to Paris, ending independent authority. https://en.chateauversailles.fr/discover/history/key-dates/versailles-heart-french-revolution -
Cause: A major cause of this was the desire to reform the Church as an institution. Effect: Clergy began to be elected, and the Church was controlled by the state. https://www.worldhistory.org/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy/ -
Cause: The French slave system was brutal, and Enlightenment ideas influenced this revolution. Effect: This caused the abolition of slavery in Haiti, forming the first independent black republic and inspired later slave revolts. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/haitian-rev
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Cause: One cause was fear of counter-revolutionaries and invasion. [What it was: series of killings of prisoners.] Effect: It fueled the Reign of Terror. https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/september-massacres/
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Cause: This was caused by Louis XVI's conspiracy with foreign powers, which were crime and treason against the state. [What it was: exactly what it sounds like.] Effect: It intensified inner conflict and violence, resulting in the Reign of Terror. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/january-21/king-louis-xvi-executed -
Cause: External conflicts were a big cause, such as France's war with other European powers who feared the spread of the Revolution. Effect: An estimated 17,000 people were killed and local offices instituted their own forms of terror and violence. https://www.history.com/articles/french-revolution
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Cause: Revolutionaries feared for their safety due to the escalating Reign of Terror. [What it was: the overthrow of Robespierre] Effect: This ended the Reign of Terror. https://worldhistoryedu.com/what-was-the-thermidorian-reaction/
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Cause: Napoleon desired to stabilize France and gain political support. Effect: Catholicism was restored as the dominant religion in France. https://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/diplomatic/c_concordat.html -
Cause: One cause was the War of the Third Coalition. Effect: One effect was the significant defeat of the allied armies. https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/articles/the-battle-of-austerlitz-and-the-principles-of-war/
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Cause: A cause was the need to replace fragmented pre-revolutionary laws with a universally acceptable laws that were clearer.
Effect: One effect was law unification. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-napoleonic-code/ -
Cause: Napoleon desired to create a unified legal system. Effect: France became more unified and this influenced legal systems worldwide. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/march-21/napoleonic-code-approved-in-france -
Cause: Revolutionary instability formed a power vacuum Napoleon could fill. Effect: This strengthened both Napoleon's and France's image, the lavish ceremony a display of authority. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/december-2/napoleon-crowned-emperor -
Cause: Napoleon invaded Portugal and was in command of Spain. Effect: French military resources were drained, and guerrilla warfare rose large-scale. https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/peninsular-war
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Cause: Napoleon wanted to invade Britain, which would require control of the English Channel. Effect: The British victory thwarted Napoleon's invasion plans and established Britain's naval supremacy. https://highspeedhistory.com/2024/10/21/the-battle-of-trafalgar-causes-and-significance/?srsltid=AfmBOoqn-VDvX6wEv8v8uPkFzYWyh2y7wYgZF66wd2J7cvOshtqYtf6k -
Cause: This was caused by Russia's withdrawal from the Continental System. Effect: Napoleon's Grand Armée suffered huge casualties due to hard conditions.
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Cause: One cause was the need for European stability after the defeat of Napoleon. Effect: This caused a period of relative peace for decades. https://hhr-atlas.ieg-mainz.de/articles/weller-vienna
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Cause: Napoleon was able to escape due to the unpopularity of the Bourbon restoration. Effect: Napoleon returned to France and briefly reclaimed the throne. https://www.waterlooassociation.org.uk/2018/06/09/escape-from-elba/