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This era was the first evidence of the division of labor. We had already optimized production in the Stone Age, with the processes of casting, hammering, and grinding.
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Ancient Rome had "factories" to produce, weapons, scrolls, pottery, glassware, and other products of the time. Everything was handmade.
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This event marked the change from an economy based on agriculture and handicraft to one based on industry and manufacturing. A series of machines were invented and steam power replaced water, wind, and animal power.
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Spinning jenny was an early multiple-spindle machine for spinning wool or cotton. It was one of the key developments in the industrialization of textile manufacturing during the early Industrial Revolution.
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The main 4 inventions that contributed to the development of manufacturing...
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Steam engines were used in all sorts of applications including factories, mines, locomotives, and steamboats. Steam engines use hot steam from boiling water to drive a piston (or pistons) back and forth. The movement of the piston was then used to power a machine or turn a wheel. James Watt’s steam engines could be smaller and use less coal.
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A machine tool is one where the machine guides the toolpath, as opposed to it being guided by direct, freehand human guidance. considered the first machine tool: In 1775, John Wilkinson’s boring machine was the solution to accurately boring cylinders for steam engines.
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In the first sentence of "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776), Adam Smith foresaw the essence of industrialism by determining that division of labor represents a substantial increase in productivity.
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Was a new way of organizing large numbers of production workers based on division labor.
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With the objective to introduce manufacturing tools used in England, Eli Whitney negotiated to produce 10,000 muskets for the U.S. government. At that time guns were custom made, however, Whitney wanted to prove that components could be made accurately to permit assembly without the need to custom make them, to optimize the total work and time they needed to produce them.
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Interchangeable parts, popularized in America when Eli Whitney used them to assemble muskets in the first years of the 19th century, allowed relatively unskilled workers to produce large numbers of weapons quickly and at a lower cost, and made repair and replacement of parts infinitely easier.
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This year Eli Whitney traveled to Washington and demonstrated his principle to government officials, including Thomas Jefferson. He laid out components for 10 muskets and randomly selected parts to assemble guns without the need to be custom made.
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After “Eli’s principle” was developed for many years before becoming a practical reality, In the 1850s, the interchangeable parts production was known as "American system" which was a prerequisite for mass production.
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The mid-late 1800 was an era with expansions of railroads, steam-powered ships, among other machines, creating a demand for iron and steel. Products like bicycles, sewing machines, and the automobile were invented. The manufacturing systems this era had been, mass production, scientific management movement, assembling lines, and electrification of factories.
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The first electric power generating station in New York City, here electric motors started being used as power sources to operate factory machinery.
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Frederick W. Taylor's work "The principles of scientific management" was published that year. Movement Led by Frederick W. Taylor himself, and Frank & Lilian Gilbert. The Scientific management was developing in the U.S. with the need to control and plan the activities of growing numbers of production workers. The main features were: motion study, time study, use of standards, and the piece-rate system.
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By this year, electricity took the lead as the principal power source in U.S. factories replacing steam.
