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Odoacer, king of the Heruli, overthrew the last emperor of Rome, Romulus Augustulus, on September 4, 476. This event marks the end of the Roman Empire: the western empire disappears while the Byzantine eastern empire survives until the fall of Constantinople, in 1453. -
Probably born between the 5th and 6th centuries in Rome, the Gregorian melody acquired its definitive form from the 9th century, during the heyday of the Carolingian dynasty and, precisely, with the Frankish king Pepin. This type of chant lasted until the end of the 8th century when it was suppressed by Charlemagne (747-814) who imposed the Roman chant.
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From 711 to 1492, the Iberian territory under Muslim power was administered in many different ways and by different powers, sometimes as part of Arab and Berber empires, centralized in Córdoba or divided into Taifas.
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On the night of December 25, Charlemagne, King of the Franks, was crowned Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III in Saint Peter's Cathedral, becoming one of the most powerful emperors of his time. -
The Italian Benedictine monk Guido of Arezzo used a special mnemonic scheme in the shape of a hand, known as the "Guidonian hand". In addition, he proposed an arrangement in lines and spaces, using a line of red ink that corresponded to the fa and another of yellow ink for the do.20 This scheme was quite successful and gave rise to the tetragram, predecessor of the modern staff. -
The gregorian reform was the result of the measures adopted by the Roman pontiff Gregory VII (1073-1085). These measures sought the renewal of the Church and the affirmation of the authority of the Roman pontiff. -
Humanism in the Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement during the 13th to 16th Centuries CE. It started in Italy and its ideas spread across Europe.
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It was a period of 40 years in which the catholic church went through a crisis and had two and even three popes at the same time.
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During this period composers experimented with cantus firmus. Known composers during this period were Johannes Ockeghem, Jacob Obrecht, and Josquin Desprez.
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Christopher Columbus and his crew arrived in what we know today as America when he landed on the island of Guanahaní, which he baptized with the name of "San Salvador". -
France invaded the Italian city of Florence in 1494. The Médici, which were ruling the city, were expelled by the french. This event marked the beginning of the Renaissance. -
In 1499, Louis XII of France, son of the duke of Orleans, invaded the italian city of Milan. -
Forced into painting by the Pope, Michelangelo painted 9 scenes from the old testament onto the ceiling and walls of the Sistine Chapel.
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Protestant Reformation sparked by Martin Luther. Significant changes occurred to church music such as the introduction of a chorale. It was also the period when the Psalms of the Bible were translated into French and then set to music. -
It can be said that 500 years ago, with an unforeseeable catastrophe, the extraordinary cycle of the Italian Renaissance came to an end. On April 6, 1520, Rafael Sanzio, an artist born in Urbino 37 years earlier, died in Rome. Everybody was devastated by this loss, and this marked the ending of the social Renaissance.