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Muhammad is a very important man in the Muslim faith. Though he was important, nobody knows when he was born exactly, just the year 570.
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Muhammad was praying in a cave and was sent a vision of Gabriel, telling him to spread the word of Allah.
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Muhammad heard that people were trying to kill him so he left with a couple of his followers. They left for Medina together.
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Muhammad's Allies were raided so he got an army and attacked Mecca. He won with almost no bloodshed.
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Muhammad gets a high fever and dies.
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Very soon after Muhammad died people started to fight over who should be in charge next. The Shiites thought Ibn Ali, Muhammad's cousin, should rule. The Sunnis (which had the majority) thought Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, one of Muhammads closest friends, had the right. This led to sides being taken and a division in the faith itself. There is still tension surrounding the subject to this day.
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Christian Turks came to Jerusalum massacred everyone inside, trashed most of the city, and destroyed the mosques.
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Saladin gets together an army of Muslims and retakes Jerusalem from the Christians.
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Al-Musta'sim refuses the Mongol's terms so the Mongols attack Baghdad (A big Islamic city and symbol of the faith) and kill everyone inside.
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The Ottoman Empire begins to form. It becomes one of the most succesful Muslim empires ever.