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Lincoln called on all the states to send detachments totaling 75,000 troops to recapture forts, protect Washington, and "preserve the Union" in the beginning of the Civil War.
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Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in areas the army felt it needed to secure for troops to reach Washington during the Civil War.
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Lincoln replaced Simon Cameron with Edwin Stanton as War Secretary, who he felt was on the same page as him and would better serve the American people during this time of war.
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The Emancipation Proclamation is signed by President Lincoln.
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Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address.
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Johnson presided with dignity over Lincoln's funeral ceremonies in Washington, before his predecessor's body was sent home to Springfield, Illinois, for burial.
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Johnson's gives a conciliatory message to Congress to allow the Southern legislators back in into Congress but Northern Congressmen disagree.
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Johnson vetos Civil RIghts Bill
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Grant took an unorthodox approach to his cabinet choices, declining to consult with the Senate and keeping his choices secret until he submitted them for confirmation. In his effort to create national harmony, Grant purposely avoided choosing Republican Party leaders.
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Grant signed a law establishing a Board of Indian Commissioners to oversee spending and reduce corruption in the Bureau of Indian Affairs
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May 1871, Grant ordered federal troops to help marshals in arresting Klansmen part of the KKK. Grant was a big supporter of Civil RIghts and equality and did was angered by the large following the KKK had.
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Amnesty Act is signed, which gave the successionists their rights back. Grant did this to unify the country and bring about peace.
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The Coinage Act of 1873 stopped the coinage of silver for all coins worth a dollar or more, effectively tying the dollar to the value of gold.
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Hayes granted the Army the power to pursue bandits, even if it required crossing into Mexican territory.
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Interior Secretary Carl Schurz carried out Hayes's American Indian policy, beginning with preventing the War Department from taking over the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Hayes and Schurz carried out a policy that included assimilation into white culture, educational training, and dividing Indian land into individual household allotments. Hayes believed that his policies would lead to self-sufficiency and peace between Indians and whites.
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Following the Paraguayan War, Hayes arbitrated a land dispute between Argentina and Paraguay. Hayes awarded the disputed land in the Gran Chaco region to Paraguay, and the Paraguayans honored him by renaming a city (Villa Hayes) and a department (Presidente Hayes) in his honor.
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Garfield tried to ssemble a cabinet that would establish peace between Conkling's and Blaine's warring factions.
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Garfield's inaugural speech emphasized the civil rights of African-Americans, discussed the gold standard, and the need for education,
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Garfield authorized Blaine to call for a Pan-American conference in 1882 to mediate disputes among the Latin American nations and to serve as a forum for talks on increasing trade. However, Garfield would not live long enough to see this conference carried out.
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Arthur made appointments to fill two vacancies on the United States Supreme Court; Horace Gray and Samuel Blatchford.
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Contractors for star postal routes were greatly overpaid for their services and Arthur forced the resignation of officials suspected in the scandal.
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Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law.
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Clevland used his appointment powers to reduce the number of federal employees, as many departments had become bloated with political time-servers
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Cleveland also withdrew from Senate consideration the Berlin Conference treaty which guaranteed an open door for U.S. interests in the Congo, as Cleveland was a committed non-interventionist who had campaigned in opposition to expansion and imperialism.
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Cleveland signed an act creating the Interstate Commerce Commission, which modernized the navy.
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The Dependent and Disability Pension Act was passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison.
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Harrison engaged Whitelaw Reid, minister to France, and William Walter Phelps, minister to Germany, to reallow importation of pork from the U.S. Harrison also successfully asked the congress to enact the Meat Inspection Act to eliminate the accusations of product compromise.
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Harrison proclaimed that the United States was in a "new epoch" of trade and that the expanding navy would protect oceanic shipping and increase American influence and prestige abroad.
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While the U.S. had a good relation with Hawaii, once it was found the queen was a tyrant, Cleveland withdrew the treaty from the Senate and sent former Congressman James Henderson Blount to Hawai'i to investigate the conditions there.
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Cleveland nominated William B. Hornblower to the Court.
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Cleveland sent troops in to settle the Pullman Strike.
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Passed the Dingley Act
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Spain promised some concessions to the rebels, but when American consul Fitzhugh Lee reported riots in Havana, McKinley agreed to send the battleship USS Maine there to protect American lives and property.
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Signed the Treaty of Paris