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Menes is the legendary first king of Egypt who is thought to have united Upper and Lower Egypt through conquest and founded both the First Dynasty and the great city of Memphis.
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Egypt’s Old Kingdom was one of the most dynamic periods in the development of Egyptian art. During this period, artists learned to express their culture’s worldview, creating for the first time images and forms that endured for generations.
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Began when Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II reunited Upper and Lower Egypt, setting the stage for a second great flowering of Egyptian culture. Thebes came into prominence for the first time, serving as capital and artistic center during Dynasty 11 Their successor Intef Wahankh (Intef II) asserted his position as the ruler of all of Egypt.
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Hyksos, dynasty of Palestinian origin that ruled northern Egypt as the 15th dynasty (c. 1630–1523 bce; see ancient Egypt: The Second Intermediate period). The name Hyksos was used by the Egyptian historian Manetho, who, according to the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus , translated the word as “king-shepherds” or “captive shepherds.”
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The New Kingdom is the era in Egyptian history following the disunity of the Second Intermediate Period and preceding the dissolution of the central government at the start of the Third Intermediate Period.
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Hatshepsut was the longest reigning female pharaoh in Egypt, ruling for 20 years in the 15th century B.C. She is considered one of Egypt's most successful pharaohs.
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Widely considered a military genius by historians, Thutmose III made 16 raids in 20 years. He was an active expansionist ruler, sometimes called Egypt’s greatest conqueror or “the Napoleon of Egypt.” He is recorded to have captured 350 cities during his rule and conquered much of the Near East from the Euphrates to Nubia during seventeen known military campaigns.
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Ramses II was the son of Pharaoh Seti I and his Royal Wife, Tuya. It was not, as is sometimes assumed, an only child; It is known that he had at least two sisters and, apparently, a brother named Nebchasetnebet, who died before reaching adulthood, so Ramses became automatically the heir.
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The Persian Conquest of Egypt of 525 BC saw Cambyses II of Persia conquer the fourth major power of the ancient near east, completing the series of conquests begun by his father Cyrus II the Great.
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The way for the Grecian conquest of Egypt had been preparing for many years. Ever since the memorable march of Xenophon, who led, in the face of unknown difficulties, ten thousand Greeks across Asia Minor.
When the young Alexander, succeeding his father Philip on the throne of Macedonia, got himself appointed general by the chief of the Greek states