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  Central Rada set up in Kiev following collapse of Russian Empire
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  Ukraine declares independence.
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  Mass executions and deportations as Stalin launches purge against intellectuals.
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  Armed resistance to Soviet rule ends with defeat of Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA).
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  A reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power station explodes, sending a radioactive plume across Europe. Desperate efforts are made to contain the damaged reactor within a huge concrete cover. Many armed forces personnel die of radiation sickness.
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  Student protests and hunger strikes bring down government of Vitaliy Masol.
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  Ukraine declares independence following attempted coup in Moscow: 90% vote for independence in nationwide referendum in December.
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  Presidential elections: Leonid Kuchma succeeds Leonid Kravchuk.
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  Friendship treaty signed with Russia. Ukraine and Russia also reach agreement on the Black Sea fleet.
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  Russian parliament approves President Vladimir Putin's request to use Russian forces in Ukraine. The Ukrainian army adopts a state of alert. Ukraine's interim prime minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk accuses Russia of declaring war.
