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13th Amendment
Passed by congress January 31, 1865 and ratified December 6, 1865; it abolished slavery in the US. -
14th Amendment
It granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the US -
15th Amendment
It granted African American men the right to vote. (needed voting rights act in order to fully execute intentions) -
Plessy v Ferguson
Homer Plessy, an african american train passenger refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking Louisiana law. He was fighting his constitutional right was violated. -
Mendez v. Westminster
Gonzalo Mendez filed a suit on behalf of some 5,000 other people of mexican decent, and theirs, for the segregation taking place in Westminster, California. The U.S. Court of Appeals gave there decision as that schools could not segregate because it was not a state law that the children be seperated between schools. -
Sweatt v. Painter
Theophilus Painter rejected Heman Sweatt, an african american male, application to Painters' school of law in Houston, Texas. Sweatt filed suit against Painter and all member apart of the board. The court decided that within 6 months a school of law needed to be established for african americans, otherwise Sweatt had to be accepted into -
Delgado v. Bastrop
Minerva Delgado and 20 other parents of Mexican American children filed suit for Del Rio, Texas, challenging the segregation of their children in the western district and violating the 14th amendment. The Delgado case had little impact on what was actually happening, and continued to happen, in the schools once a decision was made. -
Executive Order 9981
President Harry S. Truman issued the Executive Order 9981, abolishing racial discrimination in the US Armed Forces and eventually ended segregation in the services. -
Hernandez v. Texas
Peter Hernandez, a mexican american cotton picker, landed himself into court for killing Joe Espinosa in Jackson County, Texas. When he was tried in court, his lawyers argued that mexican americans had been excluded from the jury when there are many capable of being a participant. When Hernandez was tried infront of an all-Anglo Jury, He was found quilty for his crimes and sentenced to life. -
Brown v Board of Education
It was the fighting against the constitutionality of state-sponsored segregation in public schools. Thurgood Marshall and NAACP handled the case. Court decided in June 1953 to rehear case in December 1953. May 14, 1954 Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered the unamious decision of the court. May 31, 1955 down a plan for how desegregation was to take place in all states. -
Civil Rights Act 1957
It established the civil rights section of the justice department and empowered federal prosecuters to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote -
24th Amendment
It ended poll tax by granting all citizens the right to vote no matter rich or poor. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
It outlawed discrimination on thw basis of race, sex, religion, color, or national origin -
Voting Rights Act 1965
It outlawed discrimitory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the civil war including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting -
Edgewood v. Kirby
Starting in 1968 - 73, San Antonio, Texas; Demetrio Rodriguez filed suit that better education was being provided for students in wealthier school districts, than poorer school districts; in violation with the 14th amendment. In 1987, William Kirby picked the case back up filing suit that the schools finance system violated the Texas Constitution. The Texas Supreme court over ruled the District courts decision, providing that the Texas Constitution wasn't being violated.
