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Black Elite
The black elite in the South of the United States started forming before the American Civil War among free blacks who managed to acquire property. Of the free people of color in North Carolina in the censuses from 1790 to 1810, 80% can be traced to African Americans free in Virginia during the colonial period. -
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WEB Dubois and the Talented Tenth
The Talented Tenth is a term that designated a leadership class of African Americans in the early 20th century. The term was created by Northern philanthropists, then publicized by W. E. B. Du Bois in an influential essay of the same name, which he published in September 1903. -
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Start of the NAACP
A group of African-American and white men and women establish the NAACP. Its founders include W.E.B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Ida B. Wells, William English Walling. Originally the organization was called the National Negro Committee -
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Urban League Founded
The National Urban League, which has played so pivotal a role in the 20th-Century Freedom Movement, grew out of that spontaneous grassroots movement for freedom and opportunity that came to be called the Black Migrations.