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Nationalism grew stronger throughout the Italian Peninsula.
Nationalism was the most successful political force of the 19th century. It emerged from two main sources: the Romantic exaltation of "feeling" and "identity" and the Liberal requirement that a legitimate state be based on a "people" rather than, for example, a dynasty, God, or imperial domination. -
Period: to
Italian Events
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Giuseppe Verdi's opera, Rigoletto, was a success.
At the time rigoletto was written, it was considered to be a risky venture. Rigoletto has exceptional depth and more to the characters than is explored. -
Cavour becomes Prime Minister
Before becoming Prime minister, Cavour was a member of the Sardinian chamber of deputies. Under Cavour's leadership, Sardinia, Britain and France became allies and later entered into the Crimean war together. -
Giuseppe wrote another opera, La Traviata
When first perfomed, the opera was considere morally questionable. Verdi wrote after watching the opera "La traviata last night a failure. Was the fault mine or the singers'? Time will tell." -
Crimean War broke out.
A religous quarrel started the Crimean war. The war went on until 1856 -
Piedmont enters Crimean War on the allied side.
Italians entered the war manly for the upcoming unification. they did not enter the war because of Russian expansionism -
Napoleon III and Cavour signed the Pact of Plombieres
the agreement was between France and Piedmont. It stated that France was required to give piedmont military aid in return for Savoy and Nice. -
Austria signed the treaty to join the Italian confederation.
The treaty pledged to work toward the creation of an Italian confederation with the pope of Rome as president. Austria was to cede Lombardy to France and France was to turn over this territory to Piedmont. -
Northern Italy was joined by the Kingdom of Sardinia
Revolutions toppled monarchies in Tuscany, Parma and Modena then unified the three into the United Provinces of Central Italy. They voted to join Sardinia -
The Kingdom of Italy was formed under the leadership of Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi was a very able military leader. Garbaldi used his many volunteers to join revolts that were happening and take over land. -
Victor Emmanuel III was crowned King
Came to the throne after the assassination of his father. The reign of Emmanuel III brought the Italian monarchy to an end. -
Garibaldi overthrows Pope with campaign
-Actual date iis unknown
Moved by the general sympathy for the soldier and by the magnitude of his contribution to his country, the King granted him an amnesty. Garibaldi then returned to Caprera and in the following year resigned from Parliament over the issue of martial law in Sicily. -
French troops withdraw from Rome gradually
-Actual date is unknown
According to its terms, the Italian government assumed the responsibility of protecting the pope against all external and internal attacks, particularly against threats from the Party of Action. The French government, in turn, agreed to withdraw its troops from Rome. -
Italian forces defeated at Custoza
. Finally, on July 22, without previous consultation with Italy, Prussia signed an armistice with Austria that provided, among other things, that Austria would cede to Italy, through Napoleon III, all of Venetia as far as the Isonzo River, including the strategic city of Verona. -
French troops dfeated at Montana
-Actual date is unknown -
Rome and the remaining Papal states are included in the Kingdom of Italy
-Actual date is unknown
-National assembly votes to remove capital from Florence to Rome. -
Rome became the capital city of the entire Italian Peninsula for the first time since the Roman Empire.
-Actual date is unknown