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When Italy was invaded by napoleon, the states were unified under one government. When Napoleon was defeated the Congress of Vienna splits up the states. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814.
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Young Italy was formed in 1831 by a group of nationalist that fought for the unification of Italy. Giuseppe Mazzini was a writer who wanted nationalism. He was exiled because of his point of view on nationalism. Young Italy was a political movement for Italian youth its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.
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Camillo di Cavour rebelled against Austria to reunite Italian states. He became a prime minister of Sardina and planned to overthrow the Austrian government. His plan worked because France supported Sardina, after Sardinia had supported France in a war. The first apparently "liberal" moves of Pope Pius IX and the political upheavals of 1848 spawned a new movement of Italian liberalism, allowing Cavour to enter the political arena, no longer in fear of the police.
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He continued fighting so the rest of Italy's states would be unified. He was exiled to South America because of his nationalist activities. In South America he learned Guerrilla Warfare. He later used to gain control of Sicily. He also had followers called "Red Shirts". In this wars Garibaldi and the Red Shirts and Cavour gained Lombardy, Sicily and Naples.He hoped to use his supporters to regain the territory. Cavour, terrified of Garibaldi provoking a war with France.
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Italy becomes united under the rule of king Victor Emmanuel they did this by electing if the Italian States should be unified or not. The unification did not apply to Venetia or to the Papal States where the French troops supported the pope. All of this was complete when the Italians sided with Prussians won Venetia and gave it to Italy along with Rome.
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Rome was declared as the capital of Italy although Italy is now unified. Their are still many reasons why Italians aren't unified. Such as Southern Italians not wanting to be governed by Rome
Problems in Italy at the time of the unification
- Many Italian emigrating
-Unemployment
-Rioting and violence
-Poverty
- Rising taxes -
Italy made military alliances with Austia-Hungray and Germany they decided to calle it the "Triple Alliance". This agreement started that they need to defend each other against any possible attacks.
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Italy tried to take over Ethiopia but this attempt failed due to a bigger Ethiopian army in 1896. So since Ethiopia didn't work they decided to go to war with the Ottoman empire. That lead to a success and gained land in Africa
