Islamic Spain and the Inquisition Kyle, Joshua

  • Umayyad Caliphate
    661

    Umayyad Caliphate

    Created for political and religious reasons, marked the start of the emerging Islamic state.
  • The Battle of Guadalete
    711

    The Battle of Guadalete

    Multiple clashes across the Straits of Gibraltar, Between the Visigoths and the Umayyads, both sides were distraught with the Visigoths losing the battle and the Umayyads suffering loses of over 3000 men.
  • Ibn Ziyad's Entry from North Africa
    711

    Ibn Ziyad's Entry from North Africa

    Rallying around 7000ish soldiers, Ibn Ziyad set out from Africa to take control over this high demand point of interest by crossing the Strait of Gibraltar and providing a speech.
  • Cordoba becomes the Capital of Muslim Spain
    717

    Cordoba becomes the Capital of Muslim Spain

    Acting as the center piece of Spain, Cordoba acted as the political center and gave rise to architectural marvels, tolerance of religions and new technological advancements.
  • Abd al-Rahman I becomes the Emir of Cordoba
    756

    Abd al-Rahman I becomes the Emir of Cordoba

    Acting as the starting point, his rule helped build the Dynasty in which eventually lead to the golden age of Islam.
  • Period: 822 to 961

    Carrying on the Dynasty

  • Period: 822 to 852

    Abd al-Rahman II's Rule

    During his rule he helped improve overall military power and control. His rule provided stability and prosperity throughout the city and improved alliances and developments as a whole.
  • Period: 912 to 961

    Abd al-Rahman III's Rule

    Being seen as the golden age of Islam, Abd al-Rahman III's rule was seen as the furthest progression of every aspect of Cordoba along with continuing the dynasty and making great cultural, political, and intellectual achievements along the way.
  • 929

    The Second Umayyad Caliphate

    Marking the point where Cordoba became fully independent, leaving long and lasting impacts on the history of Al-Andalus and providing many pivotal foundations in each category of importance.
  • The Taifa Kingdoms Emerged
    1031

    The Taifa Kingdoms Emerged

    After the slow decline of the Golden Age of Islam, Arguments arose and conflicts became more apparent after the death of Abd al-Andalus. This lead to various beliefs and different loyalties and divided the country as a whole.
  • Fall of Toledo
    1081

    Fall of Toledo

    Slowly as the Christian Kingdoms grew into power they started conquering more and more which after the Fall of Toledo marked the start of the reclamation over the muslim rule.
  • Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
    1212

    Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa

    Being another big point that helped push the Christian Reconquista, this victory solidified the decline of the Almohad Caliphate and resulted in large territorial gains for the Christian kingdoms.
  • Episcopal Inquisition
    1229

    Episcopal Inquisition

    Started in response to heretical movements a local group of bishops decided to denounce people who were helping or apart of those movements and gave themselves permission to search every villa that was seen as suspicious.
    https://sites.uwm.edu/carlin/the-development-of-the-inquisition/
  • Fall of Cordoba
    1236

    Fall of Cordoba

    After losing and being captured by King Ferdinand III, Cordoba surrendered after the long fought battle and agreed to Ferdinands terms for payment and protection.
  • Nicolas Eymeric
    1357

    Nicolas Eymeric

    Was a famous general who helped make some influential works with a more famous one being his comprehensive manual on the Spanish Inquisitions procedures and legal principles.
    https://www.fabula.org/actualites/113283/nicholas-eymerich-two-treatises-against-astrologers-nigromancers-and-alchemists.html
  • 1391

    Massacre of Jews Across Spain

    Many Jews were killed, forced to convert, and had to endure violence for the duration of time and had the Papal inquisition to further enforce it.
    https://www.ushmm.org/research/about-the-mandel-center/initiatives/ethics-religion-holocaust/articles-and-resources/christian-persecution-of-jews-over-the-centuries/christian-persecution-of-jews-over-the-centuries
  • Pope Sixtus IV Authorizes the Spanish Inquistion
    1478

    Pope Sixtus IV Authorizes the Spanish Inquistion

    Rising concerns for the heretical beliefs lead the authorization of the Spanish Inquisition with Pope Sixtus, King Ferdinand, and Isabella.
    https://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-9-1-a-the-inquisition-looking-into-the-human-soul
  • First Auto De Fe in Sevilla
    1481

    First Auto De Fe in Sevilla

    Playing a big role in setting the tone for the consequences of being found accused of heresy, This event was meant to make an impact to show the public how serious the inquisition was.
    https://inquisition.library.nd.edu/genre-autos-de-fe-introduction
  • Treaty of Granada
    1491

    Treaty of Granada

    The Last and final Kingdom marked the completion of the Reconquista and started the conversion of muslims and jews and the explosion of them as well. Accepting a offer from Ferdinand and Isabella to have a truce and later the relinquishment of sovereignty.
  • Decree of Alhambra
    1492

    Decree of Alhambra

  • Ninety Five Theses
    1517

    Ninety Five Theses

    Posted around the All Saints Church were propositions and opinions that helped jumpstart the Protestant Reformation.
    https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667736/