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After the assassination of Ali, Mu'awiya assumed power over and united the Islamic world under the Umayyad Caliphate -
The time period from when Spain was ruled by Islamic powers to the end of Islamic rule in Spain.
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- Was an Umayyad military commander
- Killed Roderic at the battle of Guadalete in 711
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- Last of the Umayyad
- Proclaimed Emir
- First ruler of al-Andalus
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Discovered a shrine that contained bones believed to have been the bones of Santiago or St. James the apostle of Jesus Christ -
- Ruler of Toledo until his death in 1075
- Father of Yahya al-Qadir
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- King of Castille and León
- Appealed by Christians in Toledo to overthrow Muslim ruler al-Qadir and take over Toledo
- Sent al-Qadir to Valencia
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- Ruler of Toledo until 1085
- Son of Yahya al-Mamun
- Sent to Valencia by King Alfonso VI to rule
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- Asked by Taifa Kingdoms to help fight against Christian Kingdoms
- Fought in the Battle of Sagrajas against King Alfonso VI and brought victory to the Almoravids
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- Prolific Warrior (Mercenary)
- Legendary Figure
- Took control of Valencia for five years until his death
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- Extended Kingdom south
- Fought against mother (Teresa of Leon) for power at the Battle of São Mamede, proclaimed himself Prince and later King
- Won the Battle of Ourique and was proclaimed "King of the Portuguese"
- Allegedly killed five Muslim Kings
- Siege of Lisbon
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Nicholas was a theologist and was repetitively made Inquisitor General. He wrote the Directorium Inquisitorium, which is a guide for Inquisitors. Resource Link -
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- Marked the end of religious tolerance in Spain
- Caused by Ferrand Martinez, the Archdeacon of Ecija
- Display of Antisemitism Resource Link
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- Ferdinand and Isabella requested Sixtus IV to make a papal bull authorizing the Spanish Inquisition
- Sixtus originally refused but was later pressured into doing so by Ferdinand
- Ferdinand threatened to withdraw military support that was protecting Rome from the Ottoman Turks
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- "Auto de fe" meaning "Act of Faith"
- Ceremonies during the Inquisition were accusations on the "guilty" were announced and were later sentenced by authorities
- At the first auto de fe, six victims were burned alive
- "Auto de fe" meaning "Act of Faith"
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- Most likely made for Diego López de Pacheco who was a general against Granada
- Outlined terms of the surrender of Granada and granted religious freedom and retention of property for all Muslim's who lived in Granada
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- Issued by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
- Also known as the "Edict of Expulsion"
- Was a deadline for the Jews to either leave the country or convert to Christianity before the end of July
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- Married to Fernando
- Known as a Catholic Monarch
- Eliminated Local Warfare by uniting Spain
- Ordered the Alhambra Decree
- Ordered compulsory conversion to Catholicism for all (ending religious tolerance)
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- King of Aragon
- Married Isabella I of Castille
- Known as one of the Catholic Monarchs
- Created a United Spain
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- Considered the prime document of the Protestant Reformation
- Consists of a list of ninety-five clerical abuses, mostly in relation to the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church
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After Christians missionaries arrived in Goa, a mandate was created that shut down all Hindu temples, they also banned private idol worship. Francis Xavier demanded the set up of the Goa Inquisition. Resource Link