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The Land Enclosure Movement
Rich landowners wanted to take poor landowners land for increased productivity, which worked. As more farms were enclosed, more resources were generated with new, efficient farmers. The enduring impact of this event was that fewer workers were required, meaning more workers were left without work, which resulted in even more migration towards cities and suburbs. The farms were run by generally more experienced farmers that output enough food, cotton, and leather to supply the high demand. -
Farming Methods Improve
the Dutch tried to push and maximize use of every resource they had. This intuitive idea lead to the new agricultural revolution. They built walls at the seas made of earth to claim even more land. They combined smaller fields to become singular, larger fields that were then used more efficiently. Had it not been for the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution likely wouldn't have taken place. The enduring impact of this event is the farming methods still used today. And the industry -
Abraham Darby's Experimentation
Abraham Darby had tried smelting iron using coal instead of charcoal. What resulted was a finer,stronger iron that could be sold for a much cheaper price because of how easy it now was to smelt. Even after his death, Darby's legacy lived on in his son and grandson, who went on to improve his methods of smelting. The enduring impact of this event is that iron was now more accessible, reliable, and cheaper, meaning other countries could now use iron to make railroads. -
Key Improvement Made by James Watt
Scottish engineer James Watt wanted to improve the steam engine to be more efficient. With determination and several years at work, the new engine would be the most powerful device in its day. The enduring impact of this event is the new power that was unmatched, it allowed for trains and steamships to travel further, faster. -
The Textile Industry Advances
The start of the Industrial Revolution took place in The largest industry of the time, being the textile industry. John Kay, James Hargreaves, and Richard Arkwright worked independently but their inventions related to each other. Cotton could be spun much faster and more efficiently by machine than by hand. Resulting in a huge new supply for the market. The enduring impact of this event is the machine designs that are still used today, though improved overtime. Clothes became cheaper & abundant. -
Jeremy Bentham advocated Utilitarianism
British philosopher and economist Jeremy Bentham supported the idea of society keeping the greatest number of people happy. He believed that individuals shouldn't have too much interaction with the government, but that the government may become involved in certain situations. Eventually, John Mill was influenced by these ideas, but believed in a tighter involvement with the government. The enduring impact of this event was the way politics was involved with labor. Factory owners had choices -
The Factory Acts Passed in London
Many employers had been seeking workers, regardless of age, race, or gender. As such, many also abused this by hiring children who may not have even known the real value of money. Child labor laws were set in place, restricting a child from working more than 12 hours a day, restricting children under the age of nine, and eventually, restrict uneducated children from working. The enduring impact of this event is mostly a moral/social one. Employers could no longer hire and overwork children. -
The writings of Karl Marx and Engels
Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx were against ideas of Utopians and claimed them to be unrealistic idealism. They instead pushed for communism. They wrote and published a pamphlet called The Communist Manifesto. In it, they claimed that a struggle between social classes wouldn't exist under a communist government; all means of production would be shared among the members of the community. The enduring impact of this event is the influence they created in society. Marxism lead to a popular reform.
