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Cherokee Surrenders
Cherokees had surrendered more than half of their original territory to state and federal governments -
Cherokee Abandonment
U.S. officials began to urge the Cherokees to abandon hunting and their traditional ways of life and to instead learn how to live, worship, and farm like Christian American people. -
Treaty of Hopewell
Treaty of Hopewell was created -
Compact of 1802
Georgia politicians, including George Troup, George R. Gilmer, and Wilson Lumpkin, raised the pressure on the federal government to fulfill the Compact of 1802, in which the federal government had agreed to extinguish the Indian land title and remove the Cherokees from the state. -
Louisiana Purchase
President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France -
War of 1812 Began
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War of 1812 Ends
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Cherokee Triumvirate
The Cherokee government especially its principal chief, John Ross, took steps to protect its national territory. Ross joined Charles Hicks and Major Ridge in the "Cherokee Triumvirate" and received recognition for his efforts in negotiating the Treaty of 1819 -
Cherokee Capital
New Echota, the Cherokee capital, was established near present-day Calhoun, Georgia -
Samuel Worcester Joined Cherokee Mission
In 1825 the board sent Samuel Worcester to join its Cherokee mission in Brainerd, Tennessee. -
Cherokees New Government
Cherokees established a constitutional government -
New President
In 1828 Andrew Jackson was elected president of the United States -
Indian Removal Act
In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the president to negotiate removal treaties -
Cherokee v. Georgia
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia -
Cheif Justice John Marshall
Although Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) that the Cherokees should receive the protection of the U.S. government, the state of Georgia continued to encroach upon Cherokee lands. -
Worcester v. Georgia
In the court case Worcester v. Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court held in 1832 that the Cherokee Indians
constituted a nation holding distinct sovereign powers. Although the decision became the foundation of the principle of tribal sovereignty in the twentieth century, it did not protect the Cherokees from being removed from their ancestral homeland in the Southeast -
Dahlonega ?
The county seat, called Licklog at the time, in 1833 became known as Dahlonega, for the Cherokee word tahlonega, meaning golden. -
Treaty of New Echota
In 1835 the latter group, led by Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot, signed the Treaty of New Echota at the Cherokee capital without the authority of Principal Chief Ross or the Cherokee governmen -
Election!
In 1837 Richmond County voters elected George W. Crawford to the state legislature under the States' Rights ticket -
Trail of Tears
The Cherokee government protested the legality of the treaty until 1838, when U.S. president Martin Van Buren ordered the U.S. Army into the Cherokee Nation. The army rounded up as many Cherokees as they could into temporary stockades and subsequently marched the captives, led by John Ross, to the Indian Territory.
