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A boat named Magan was made from reeds and clay. It used a square mast and oars to sail. This was used for trade in the Persian Gulf and elsewhere.
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The monsoon wind pattern became known
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Ships from Meluhha carried wood, copper, carnelian, onions and spices and were traded for Mesopotamian wool, grain, paint, leather and oil. This was done through Magan.
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Copper was extremely important to ancient civilizations. They used it to make so many things. Copper was imported from Oman, or Magan, into the port of Bahrain, or Dilmun.
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Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley traded timber, copper, and stone diorite. This was recorded in Sumerian and Akkadian texts. Then items were used to build things and in art. This was especially important to the kings of Mesopotamia.
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Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt sent out an expedition into the Red Sea and they reached the land of Put, near Somalia. They traded for incense, animals, plants, rare wood, and ivory.
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The island of Zanzibar, off the East African coast, was discovered by traders.
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It is believed that long distance trade stopped or slowed between Egypt and Mesopotamia.
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The Phoenicians circumvented Africa in a voyage dictated by an Egyptian Pharaoh named Necho. It took 3 years.
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Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism spread to Southeast Asia through the Bay of Bengal. Story telling and deities were spread between India and Southeast Asia.
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Scylax of Caryanda traveled the Indian Ocean to explore the possible riches in India. He also sailed the Indus River, Pakistan, and into the Arabian Sea. He made his way to the Red Sea and to Egypt. He became famous for this voyage, and it produced more trade.
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Greek and Roman sailors and some traders started sailing the Indian Ocean by the orders of Darius I.
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Alexander the Great sent Nearchus from the Indus to the Arabian Gulf.
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Indian and Arab ships sailed from Southern Arabia to the Malabar coast of India and back
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Austronesian ships traveled west and landed in Madagascar. It is believed that they stayed there and never left.
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This was a Greco-Roman document which outlined the ports, lands, and trade items in the Indian Ocean. This was extremely helpful for trade in the Indian Ocean.
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There was trade between Roman Egypt and India via the Red Sea, the African Coast, and the Arabian Peninsula. They traded copper, wood, pearls, cloth, frankincense, and gold.
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Frankincense and myrrh, cardamon and cinnamon, and incense were traded between Arabia and the area between Rome and Asia.
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The Roman civilization constantly reintroduced smallpox back to China through the Silk Road, killing about half of Northern China's population.
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Sohar, in Oman, started trading in the Indian Ocean, and became known for Sindbad the Sailor and its flourishing city. It traded copper, since it was a great source for it.
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By 800, the Arabs had taken control of trade in the Indian Ocean from Tamil merchants.
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Under the Song dynasty, spices, silk, rice, and sandalwood were traded as well as porcelain.
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This ship, called a dhow, was associated with trade on the Indian Ocean. It contained a single mast that turned and a triangular sail. This type of ship is still used today.
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The Ming voyages consisted of hundred of ships over 5 voyages, travelled from one end of the Indian Ocean to the other. Admiral Zheng He led the voyage.
