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In 1950 was founded the Arc of the United States by parents who believe that their disability child deserve more. This institution help people with disability integrate in society. https://thearc.org/about-us/ -
The case Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was the first right-to education suit in the country, to overturn that Pennsylvania law and secure a quality education for all children. The state agreed to provide a free public education for children with mental retardation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QtFmp3XduaQ
https://www.pubintlaw.org/cases-and-projects/pennsylvania-association-for-retarded-citizens-parc-v-commonwealth-of-pennsylvania/ -
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is the federal law that approves grants to states for vocational rehabilitation services, supported employment, independent living, and client assistance. The VRA includes a set of rules focused on rights, advocacy, and protections for people with disabilities.
https://www.nad.org/resources/civil-rights-laws/rehabilitation-act-of-1973/ -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was enacted by the United States Congress in 1975. This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/94/s6 -
The National Down Syndrome Society was created in 1979 and is the leading human rights organization for all individuals with Down syndrome. Their programs focus on Resources & Support, Policy & Advocacy, and Community Engagement.
https://www.ndss.org/our-story/ndss-history/ -
The Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley was a United States Supreme Court case concerning the interpretation of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.
This case clarified the definition of FAPE.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Education_of_the_Hendrick_Hudson_Central_School_District_v._Rowley -
The case Honig v. Doe represents the principle of "zero reject" in that it is unacceptable to change placement or remove the student from school due to their disability. Students are to continue receiving FAPE even if they have been suspended or expelled.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Honig-v-Doe -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990 establishes person first language, expands special education services and provisions for due process and confidentiality, adds autism and traumatic brain injury categories, provides bilingual education, requires transition services and planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individuals_with_Disabilities_Education_Act -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997requires students with disabilities to receive services even if expelled, allows use of developmental delay category through age 9, requires access to general education curriculum and state/district-wide testing, IEP team includes a general education teacher and a behavior plan (if warranted), offers mediation options, limits attorney’s fees. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/idea1.html -
Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F. was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the related services provision in the IDEA required public school districts to fund continuous, one-on-one nursing care for disabled children" despite arguments from the school district concerning the costs of the services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedar_Rapids_Community_School_Dist._v._Garret_F. -
The major focus of No Child Left Behind is to close student achievement gaps by providing all children with a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. The U.S. Department of Education emphasizes four pillars within the bill:
accountability, flexibility, research-based education, and parent options.
https://www2.ed.gov/nclb/overview/intro/guide/index.html -
The Individual with disabilities act of 2004 allows RTI model to determine presence of a learning disability and no longer requires use of the severe discrepancy model, increases funding to early intervention services for students who do not require special education, eliminates IEP short term objectives for some students, adopts polices to prevent overrepresentation of minority students in special education.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XMndYNEGFA -
Frustrated with the lack of quality public school choices for children with autism, a group of parents, grandparents and ABA professionals form the non-¬profit corporation, Arizona Autism Charter Schools, Inc. (AZACS). The sole purpose of the organization is to create a business plan for Arizona’s first charter school focused on children with autism.
https://www.autismcharter.org/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2IYjizvM_E
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