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This policy stated that families, masters, and governors are responsible for the education of children.
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Review of events at the intersection of theology and curriculum.
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They were established in Massachusetts by colonial legislatures. These ordinances reaffirmed Henry VIII's injunctions by requiring students to be taught to read and write. Other mid-Atlantic and New England colonies also enacted similar policies.
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Towns with 50+ citizens must provide a teacher of English. Towns with 100+ mist provide Latin grammar school. This law was meant to ensure that everyone was able to read and understand religion and capital law.
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Provisions allow ministers to inspect schools and influence education
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The increase in fear of how Irish, Catholic, and Jewish immigrants would change society. Various efforts to limit their path to citizenship. Specifically, 97 petitions were filed to limit roman Catholic immigration.
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The Plenary Councils of Baltimore provided a unified forum for various bishops to meet and discuss Catholicism. Notably, Notre Dame was established in 1842.
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A never settled debate that occurred throughout the 1840s between Mann (Unitarian school superintendent) who promoted non-sectarian schools that championed non-sectarian Christianity. Brownson (Catholic) believed this would threaten the rights of religious minorities.
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Eliot school forced students to recite the ten commandments every day, and when a Catholic student refused to recite the KJV he was punished physically. This sparked national outrage and the incident sparked the creation of Catholic parochial schools both in Boston and nationwide
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This case permitted Catholics to not attend protestant services in schools. This was in response to catholic parents protesting the practice of reading the King James Version of the Bible.This was also known as the Edgerton Bible Case
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The Waldorf Schools were founded by Rudolf Steiner and are based on emphasizing the inner development of the child. The school is not associated with one specific religion but is based on the idea that all humans have a spiritual dimension.
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Published by Samuel Morse, this text provides a critique of church-state combinations in Catholic countries and warned that Catholics in the United States would work to enact similar systems. He asserted that education and an active religious press would counter Catholic influence in society.
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A movement throughout the 1960s started in response to massive poverty in South America. It focuses on the idea the religion should be working to support the poor. The Vatican was not a fan of this idea and did not like the political nature of this movement. This intersects with curriculum theory in the idea that education should embrace marginalized students with the goal of making social change the result of teaching and learning.
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Courts ruled that forced daily prayer in school violated the US Constitution. This was the first case that used the Lemon Test, even though it was not fully established. The Lemon Test is meant to prevent any government support of religion. It asks three questions. 1. Does the law have a secular purpose? 2. Is the primary effect either to advance religion or to inhibit religion? 3. Does the law foster an excessive governmental entanglement with religion?
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This case illuminated the continued issues between public school curriculum and religious values. This case discussed Sexual Education curriculum and the courts ruled that differences in opinion with curriculum do not give anyone the right to control exposure to knowledge. Other cases in the 1980s also came to similar conclusions.
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Provided resources for teaching religion in public schools. Similar organizations have also worked to develop curriculum and resources, such as the Carnegie Foundation and the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD).
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Throughout the 1980s enrollment in private schools increased. There was a rapid increase in nonsectarian Christian schools in the South in response to the end of segregation in schools.
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James Coleman concluded that private schools were the closest model to the American ideal of education. He has received a lot of criticism for this research that is grounded in the idea that public and private schools are not comparable.
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In this case, parents felt as though textbook content violated first amendment rights and lower courts said that parents could choose to pursue classes outside the public school. The US Court of Appeals reversed the decision and ordered students back to school because the free exercise clause does not protect people from exposure.
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US Secretary of Education, William Bennett, said that common culture (values, knowledge, and language) are essential and must be learned together. The three C's are content, character, and choice.
